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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hisplus</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Юго-Западного государственного университета. Серия: История и право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Southwest State University. Series: History and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-1501</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Юго-Западный государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21869/2223-1501-2024-14-1-113-122</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hisplus-446</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>УГОЛОВНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CRIMINAL LEGAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Доктрина живого инструмента и эволютивное толкование в практике Европейского суда по правам человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Doctrine of the Living Instrument and Evolutionary Interpretation in the Case-Law of the European Court of Human Rights</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8239-694X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оганесян</surname><given-names>Т. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oganesian</surname><given-names>T. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оганесян Тигран Давидович, кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры международного права</p><p>ул. Остоженка, д. 53/2 стр. 1, г. Москва 119021</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tigran D. Oganesian, Candidate of Sciences (Juridical),Associate Professor of the Department of International Law</p><p>53/2 Ostozhenka Str., building 1, Moscow 119021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.oganesian@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Дипломатическая академия Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>113</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Оганесян Т.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Оганесян Т.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Oganesian T.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hisplus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/446">https://hisplus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/446</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Разработав одну из самых сложных и продвинутых практик защиты прав человека в мире, Европейский суд по правам человека усложнил свой механизм принятия решений, внедрив несколько доктрин, в том числе доктрину живого инструмента. Развитие доктрины живого инструмента и эволютивного метода толкования в практике Суда можно проследить по некоторым важным делам и проблемам, которые стали ключевыми и определили развитие самого Суда.</p><p>Цель статьи состоит в анализе доктрины живого инструмента, особенностей применения эволютивного толкования в практике ЕСПЧ.</p></sec><sec><title>Задачи</title><p>Задачи: провести анализ различных подходов к изучению природы доктрины живого инструмента, определить тенденции развития эволютивного толкования, а также мнений различных ученых по данному вопросу.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология</title><p>Методология. В процессе работы над исследованием использовались системный, сравнительно-правовой, историко-правовой методы, а также методы толкования, логического и структурного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Отмечается, что следует различать понятия «динамическое толкование» и «эволютивное толкование», «доктрину межвременности» и доктрину живого инструмента. При этом есть риск того, что доктрина живого инструмента может нарушить суверенитет государств-членов, если будет использована ненадлежащим образом. В качестве недостатка также выделено, что данная доктрина может нанести ущерб правовой определенности практики ЕСПЧ и создать ситуацию, когда государства-члены не понимают объема обязательств, на которые они соглашаются при присоединении к Конвенции. Исходя из природы, предлагается разделение эволютивных постановлений ЕСПЧ на 2 категории: постановления эволютивного характера и эволютивные постановления.</p></sec><sec><title>Вывод</title><p>Вывод. Автор приходит к выводу, что для выполнения своих функций Суд не может не применять эволютивное толкование, однако должен делать это разумно и последовательно. Доктрина живого инструмента и эволютивное толкование как инструмент ее претворения являются отражением поколения и тех моральных ценностей, которые в тот или иной момент господствуют в обществе.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Having developed one of the most complex and advanced human rights protection practices in the world, the European Court of Human Rights has complicated its decision-making mechanism by introducing several doctrines, including the doctrine of the living instrument. The development of the doctrine of a living instrument and an evolutionary method of interpretation in the practice of the Court can be traced to some important cases and problems that have become key and determined the development of the future of the Court itself.</p><p>The purpose of the article is to analyze the doctrine of the living instrument, the specifics of its application in the practice of the ECHR.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives: to analyze various approaches to the study of the nature of the doctrine of the living instrument, to identify trends in the development of evolutionary interpretation, as well as the opinions of various scientists on this issue.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology</title><p>Methodology. In the process of working on the study, systematic, comparative legal, historical and legal methods, as well as methods of interpretation, logical and structural analysis were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It is noted that the concepts of «dynamic interpretation» and «evolutionary interpretation», «the doctrine of intertemporality» and the doctrine of a living instrument should be distinguished. At the same time, there is a risk that the doctrine of the living instrument may violate the sovereignty of Member States if it is used improperly. As a disadvantage, it is also highlighted that this doctrine may damage the legal certainty of the ECHR practice and create a situation where member States do not understand the scope of obligations to which they agree upon accession to the Convention. Based on the nature, it is proposed to divide the evolutionary rulings of the ECHR into 2 categories: rulings of an evolutionary nature and evolutionary rulings.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The author concludes that in performing its functions, the Court cannot but apply an evolutionary interpretation, but it must do so reasonably and consistently. The doctrine of the living instrument and the evolutionary interpretation as an instrument of its implementation are a reflection of the generation and those moral values that prevail in society at one time or another.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Европейский суд по правам человека</kwd><kwd>защита прав человека</kwd><kwd>доктрина живого инструмента</kwd><kwd>эволютивное толкование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>European Court of Human Rights</kwd><kwd>protection of human rights</kwd><kwd>doctrine of a living instrument</kwd><kwd>evolutionary interpretation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Letsas G. The ECHR as a living instrument: its meaning and legitimacy // Constituting Europe: the European Court of human rights in a national, european, and global context / A. Føllesdal, B. Peters, G. Ulfstein (eds). 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