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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hisplus</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Юго-Западного государственного университета. Серия: История и право</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of Southwest State University. Series: History and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-1501</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Юго-Западный государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21869/10.21869/2223-1501-2025-15-5-42-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">340.141</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hisplus-850</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРЕТИКО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ПРАВОВЫЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL LEGAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Историко-юридическая интерпретация экспедиций Торфинна Карлсефни и Лейфа Эрикссона в Винланд</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Historical-legal interpretation of the expeditions of Thorfinn Karlsefni and Leif Eriksson to Vinland</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4449-2209</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бразовская</surname><given-names>Я. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brazovskaya</surname><given-names>Y. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бразовская Яна Евгеньевна, доцент кафедры Международного и морского права</p><p>ул. Двинская, д. 5/7, г. Санкт-Петербург 198035 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana E. Brazovskaya, Associate Professor of the Department of International and Maritime Law</p><p>5/7 Dvinskaya Str., St. Petersburg 198035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bye2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7607-9765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдыш</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdysh</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдыш Денис Максимович, юрист</p><p>2-я линия Васильевского острова, д. 41/13 лит. А., пом. 1-Н, г. Санкт-Петербург 199004</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis M. Avdysh, Lawyer</p><p>2-ya liniya Vasil'evskogo ostrova, 41/13 lit. A., pom. 1-N, g. St. Petersburg 190008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdysh.denis@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО "Государственный университет морского и речного флота имени адмирала С.О. Макарова"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Агентство Консультант</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Agency Consultant</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бразовская Я.Е., Авдыш Д.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бразовская Я.Е., Авдыш Д.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Brazovskaya Y.E., Avdysh D.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hisplus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/850">https://hisplus.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/850</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Экспедиции норвежцев в Винланд около 1000 года нашей эры являются уникальным историческим прецедентом трансатлантических контактов до Колумба. Несмотря на обширные исторические и археологические исследования, правовые аспекты этих путешествий, в частности применение средневекового скандинавского обычного права в условиях освоения новых земель и взаимодействия с коренными народами, остаются недостаточно изученными, что определяет актуальность данного исследования.</p><p>Целью является формулирование строгой историко-юридической интерпретации норвежских экспедиций в Винланд для определения правового обоснования их действий и выявления пределов адаптивности их правовой системы.</p></sec><sec><title>Задачи</title><p>Задачи: систематизировать ключевые принципы норвежского обычного права эпохи викингов, применимые к освоению земель (landnám), провести сравнительный анализ правовых намерений и действий экспедиций Лейфа Эрикссона и Торфинна Карлсефни; обосновать причины краткосрочности норвежского присутствия в Винланде с точки зрения правовых и межкультурных вызовов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология</title><p>Методология. В основе исследования лежит междисциплинарный подход, сочетающий историко-правовой анализ для изучения правовых рамок, и сравнительный анализ двух ключевых экспедиций. Методология опирается на синтез первоисточников (исландские саги), археологических данных из Л’Анс-оМедоуз и научных трудов по средневековому скандинавскому праву.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что норвежское общество обладало развитой системой обычного права (lǫg), а процесс освоения земель (landnám) имел глубокое правовое и сакральное значение. Экспедиция Лейфа Эрикссона носила разведывательный характер, тогда как миссия Торфинна Карлсефни являлась полноценной попыткой колонизации (landnám), что подтверждается зарождающимися отношениями собственности.</p></sec><sec><title>Вывод</title><p>Вывод. Краткосрочность норвежского присутствия в Винланде была обусловлена не отсутствием внутренней правовой базы для колонизации, а внешними факторами: неспособностью существующей правовой системы урегулировать конфликты с коренным населением и логистическими трудностями. Опыт Винланда демонстрирует пределы применимости норвежского права в условиях межкультурного взаимодействия на уже заселенных территориях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The Norse expeditions to Vinland around 1000 A.D. represent a unique historical precedent of preColumbian transatlantic contacts. Despite extensive historical and archaeological research, the legal aspects of these voyages, particularly the application of medieval Scandinavian customary law in the context of developing new lands and interacting with indigenous peoples, remain insufficiently studied, which determines the relevance of this research.</p><p>The objective is to formulate a rigorous historical-legal interpretation of the Norse expeditions to Vinland to determine the legal justification for their actions and to identify the limits of their legal system's adaptability.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives: to systematize the key principles of Norse customary law of the Viking Age applicable to land settlement (landnám), to conduct a comparative analysis of the legal intentions and actions of the expeditions of Leif Eriksson and Thorfinn Karlsefni, and to substantiate the reasons for the short-term Norse presence in Vinland from the perspective of legal and cross-cultural challenges.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology</title><p>Methodology. The research is based on an interdisciplinary approach, combining historical-legal analysis to study the legal frameworks and a comparative analysis of the two key expeditions. The methodology relies on a synthesis of primary sources (the Icelandic Sagas), archaeological data from L'Anse aux Meadows, and scholarly works on medieval Scandinavian law.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It has been established that Norse society possessed a developed system of customary law (lǫg), and the process of land settlement (landnám) had profound legal and sacred significance. Leif Eriksson's expedition was exploratory in nature, whereas Thorfinn Karlsefni's mission was a full-fledged attempt at colonization (landnám), which is confirmed by the emerging property relations.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The short-term nature of the Norse presence in Vinland was conditioned not by the absence of an internal legal framework for colonization, but by external factors: the inability of the existing legal system to regulate conflicts with the indigenous population and logistical difficulties. The Vinland experience demonstrates the limits of the applicability of Norse law in conditions of cross-cultural interaction in already inhabited territories.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Винланд</kwd><kwd>норвежское право</kwd><kwd>эпоха викингов</kwd><kwd>обычное право</kwd><kwd>скрелинги</kwd><kwd>правовая история</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Vinland</kwd><kwd>Norse law</kwd><kwd>viking age</kwd><kwd>customary law</kwd><kwd>skraelings</kwd><kwd>legal history</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крестовников В.А. 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