Crimes and Punishments for Violation of the Regulations on the Manufacture of Drinks in Excise Russia (1863–1894)

The relevance of crimes in the alcohol sphere causes significant damage to both the state budget and national morality. In this regard, the subject study of penalties for violation of regulations on the drinking collection during the period of the excise system, similar to the current system of collecting alcohol tax, is updated.
The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of crimes and punishments for violation of excise legislation in post-reform Russia.
The objectives are to define the crime in relation to the manufacture of drinks; to determine the most common types of crimes and the penalties that follow them; to establish the features of "drinking" penalties that were in effect during the excise period.
The methodology of the article includes the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency. In addition, the theoretical tools included historical-genetic, historical-typological and historical-legal methods.
Results. Distillery production during the period of the excise system was the main supplier of taxes to the state budget. In this regard, the legislator carefully prescribed the possible types of crimes and the penalties that follow them. Any illegal act committed during the production of alcohol, regardless of whether it was committed intentionally or through negligence, was recognized as a crime for the manufacture of drinks. The types of drinking crimes were diverse: the establishment of factories by a person who did not have the rights to do so, the preparation of drinks in unidentified places or in a larger (smaller) quantity than defined in the permits, illegal actions against distillery equipment or materials. Cases of violation of the regulations on the drinking collection, depending on the severity of the act, were subject to administrative, judicial-police or judicial procedures. As punishments, monetary penalties were applied, arrest, imprisonment, deprivation of the rights to prepare drinks, taking away all special rights both personally and according to the state of the assigned rights, exile to remote provinces for a certain period.
Conclusion. The penalties stipulated in the "Regulations on the Drinking Fee" and improved in subsequent legislative acts were aimed at preventing attempts to encroach on the drinking fee, which was of exceptional importance in the system of Russian finance.

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