Acknowledgment of Families of Lower Ranks of the Reserve and Warriors of the State Militia, Called up for Mobilization in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905

Relevance. At present, the attention of researchers of the social policy of the Russian Empire is mainly attracted by cash payments to soldiers during the First World War. This article is intended to study and summarize the accumulated experience of charity for the families of the lower ranks of the reserve and warriors of the state militia, called up for mobilization during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905.
Purpose. Is an examination of the activities of local authorities and societies to which the mobilized were assigned.
Objective. Study of the implementation of the "Provisional rules on the care of families of reserve ranks and warriors of the state militia, called up in wartime to serve" dated June 25, 1877: the procedure for appointment, the amount of the allowance, the specifics of regional application.
Metodology. The methodological basis of the research is general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical methods (systemic and comparative historical method).
Results. For the first time, the provision on the charity of soldiers' families was spelled out in the military charter approved on January 1, 1874. However, the size, forms and methods of charity were legislatively enshrined only in the "Provisional Regulations ..." of June 25, 1877. Their implementation was already during the Russian-Turkish wars of 1877-1878 provoked criticism from the zemstvo and city authorities. However, there was no radical change in the current law, since the government considered the accumulated experience in implementing the law insufficient, due to the small number of mobilized people. However, the charity of soldiers' families on the basis of the "Provisional Rules ..." during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. led to a mass of complaints from soldiers, lower ranks and local authorities.
Conclusion. The approval of the families of the lower ranks of the reserve and the warriors of the state militia on the basis of the "Provisional Rules ..." of June 25, 1877 proved their failure even in conditions of partial mobilizations, which led to the subsequent development of a new law on the care of soldiers' families.

1. Zhurnaly Voronezhskogo gubernskogo zemskogo sobraniya ocherednoj sessii 12–15 yanvarya 1905 g. i Chrezvychajnoj 3–16 marta 1905 g. [Journals of the Voronezh Provincial Zemstvo Assembly of the regular session of January 12-15, 1905 and the Extraordinary session of March 3-16, 1905]. Voronezh, Tipolitogr. tov-va "N. Krav-cov i K0", 1905. XLVII, 111, 812, XVII p.

2. Svod postanovlenij gubernskogo zemstva za 10 let (s 1903 po 1913 gg. vklyuchitel'no) [A set of resolutions of the provincial Zemstvo for 10 years (from 1903 to 1913 inclusive)]; ed. by N. I. Manockova. Kursk, Tip. gub. zemstva, 1915. VII, 1094 p.

3. Zhurnaly zasedanij XLI ocherednogo Kurskogo gubernskogo zemskogo sobraniya 1906 g. [The logs of the meetings of the XLI regular Kursk provincial Zemsky Assembly of 1906]. Kursk, Tip. gub. zemstva, 1906. 16, V, 1306 p.

4. Gavrilyuk I. V. Krest'yanskoe dvizhenie v Orlovskoj gubernii v period Pervoj rossijskoj revolyucii. Diss. kand. ist. nauk [The peasant movement in the Orel province during the First Russian Revolution. Cand. hist. sci. diss.]. Orel, 2013. 475 p.

5. Pavlova I. P. Skladyvanie sistemy gosudarstvennoj social'noj pomoshchi sem'yam soldat v Rossii v konce XIX – nachale XX vv. [The formation of the system of state social assistance to soldiers ' families in Russia in the late XIX-early XX centuries]. Voennye tradicii Rossii: istoriya, psihologiya, kul'tura [Military traditions of Russia: history, psychology, culture]. St. Petersburg, 2000, pp. 80–83.

6. Zajonchkovskij P. A. Voennye reformy 1860–1870-h godov v Rossii [Military reforms of the 1860s and 1870s in Russia]. Moscow, Mosk. Univ. Publ., 1952. 375 p.

7. Kuropatkin A. N. Zapiski o Russko-yaponskoj vojne [Notes on the Russian-Japanese War]. Moscow, Veche Publ., 2015. 480 p.

8. Beskrovnyj L. G. Armiya i flot Rossii v nachale XX v. Ocherki voenno-ekonomicheskogo potenciala [The Army and Navy of Russia in the early twentieth century. Essays on the military-economic potential]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1986. 242 p.

9. Zhurnal zasedaniya ekstrennogo Kurskogo gubernskogo zemskogo sobraniya 24 iyunya 1904 g. [Journal of the meeting of the emergency Kursk Provincial Zemsky Assembly on June 24, 1904.]. Kursk, Tip. gub. zemstva, 1904. 164 p.

10. Zhurnal zasedaniya ekstrennogo Kurskogo gubernskogo zemskogo sobraniya 10–11 iyunya 1905 g. [Journal of the meeting of the emergency Kursk Provincial Zemsky Assembly on June 10-11, 1905]. Kursk, Tip. gub. zemstva, 1905. 250 p.

11. GAKO (Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Kurskoj oblasti) [State Archive of the Kursk Region], f. 54, op. 1, d. 1279.

12. Zhurnaly Voronezhskogo gubernskogo zemskogo sobraniya chrezvychajnoj sessii 1–3 iyulya 1905 g. [Journals of the Voronezh Provincial Zemsky Assembly of the extraordinary session of July 1-3, 1905.]. Voronezh, Tipolitogr. tov-va "N. Kravcov i K0", 1905. VIII, 22, 40, IV p.

13. Kukuranov P. S. Prizrenie semejstv nizhnih chinov zapasa i ratnikov gosudarstvennogo opolcheniya, prizvannyh v Russko-yaponskuyu vojnu na dejstvitel'nuyu sluzhbu [Prizrenie of families of the lower ranks of the reserve and soldiers of the state militia, called up for active service in the Russian-Japanese War]. Pervyj Vserossijskij s"ezd deyatelej po obshchestvennomu i chastnomu prizreniyu [The First All-Russian Congress of Public and Private Charity Workers]. St. Petersburg, Tip. I. V. Leont'eva, 1910, pp. 73–79.

14. Chubarov A. I. [The prizrenie in the Russian Empire of the families of soldiers mobilized during the Russo-Japanese war of 1904–1905]. Vojna v chelovecheskom izmerenii: ideologiya, psihologiya, povsednevnost', istoricheskaya pamyat'. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii [War in the human dimension: ideology, psychology, everyday life, historical memory. Materials of the International Scientific Conference]. St. Petersburg, Aletejya Publ., 2021, pp. 119–126. (In Russ.)

15. Central'nyj gosudarstvennyj istoricheskij arhiv [Central State Historical Archive], f. 259, op. 1. d. 1188.

16. Shcherbinin P. P. Voennyj faktor v povsednevnoj zhizni russkoj zhenshchiny v XVIII – nachale XX v. [The military factor in the everyday life of a Russian woman in the XVIII – early XX century]. Tambov, Yulis Publ., 2004. 508 p.

17. Belova E. E. Kul'turno-istoricheskij smysl obshchestvennogo prizreniya russkih voennosluzhashchih poslednej chetverti XIX – nachala XX vv. (po materialam gubernij Central'noj promyshlennoj oblasti). Diss. kand. ist. nauk [The cultural and historical meaning of the public charity of Russian servicemen of the last quarter of the XIX-early XX centuries. (based on the materials of the provinces of the Central Industrial region). Cand. hist. sci. diss.]. Yaroslavl', 2014. 264 p.

18. K-ov P. Vremennye pravila 25 iyunya 1877 g. i zakon ot 25 iyunya 1912 g. po prizreniyu semej zapasnyh i ratnikov opolcheniya [K-ov P. Temporary rules of June 25, 1877 and the law of June 25, 1912 on the protection of families of reserve and militia soldiers]. Prizrenie i blagotvoritel'nost' v Rossii = Charity and charity in Russia, 1914, no. 6–7, pp. 635–643.

19. GAKO, f. 141, op. 1, d. 133.

20. Rostov N. D., Shirshov M. A. Prizyv ratnikov Gosudarstvennogo opolcheniya v Sibirskom voennom okruge v gody Russko-yaponskoj vojny 1904–1905 gg. [The call of the warriors of the State Militia in the Siberian military district during the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905]. Izvestiya Labora-torii drevnih tekhnologij = News of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies, 2018, no. 2, pp. 177–185.

21. Katcina T. A. Organizaciya social'noj podderzhki naseleniya Sibiri v gody Russkoyaponskoj vojny (1904–1905 gg.) [Organization of social support for the population of Siberia during the Russian-Japanese War (1904-1905)]. Bylye gody = Bygone years, 2015, no. 3 (37), pp. 663–669.