The birth of Cycling in the City of Kursk in the Late Nineteenth early Twentieth Century

The relevance of our scientific research is due to the continued popularity of cycling not only in Russia, but also in the world as a whole. This is evidenced by the annual World Championships held under the leadership of the International Cycling Union (UCI), as well as the Olympic Games, where cycling has attracted a large number of fans and admirers of this sport for more than a hundred years. The history of the origin of this sport is interesting not only in the capital cities, but also in the provinces, as many famous athletes come from small towns in Russia.
The purpose of the scientific search is to study historical facts related to the formation and development of cycling in the Kursk province of the late nineteenth century – early twentieth century.
The objectives of the research is to study and analyze archival historical and other materials devoted to the organization of the first sports societies of cycling enthusiasts, which laid the foundations for its formation and development in the Kursk province in the late XIX – early XX century.
Methodology. The methodological basis of scientific research is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. The article uses historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods.
Results. The formation and development of cycling in the Kursk province of the late nineteenth century-early twentieth century was not easy. The first organizer of the cyclodrome (velodrome), where people were taught to ride a two-wheeled bicycle for a fee, was a private person. Despite the efforts made to instill public interest in cycling, this initiative failed. The next attempt to promote and develop cycling is connected with the "Kursk Society of Amateur Cyclists", which had an official status, received full support from the city authorities and merchants, and held competitions at local and intercity levels. However, the conflict with the city duma led to the failure of this enterprise.
Conclusions. The birth of cycling in the city of Kursk province of the late nineteenth century-early twentieth century was not an easy path of ups and downs. However, the fact that the first champions of the city came out of the competitions held by amateur cyclists was already the victory of cycling in the Kursk Region. These small victories made it possible to further educate cyclists, future world and Olympic champions, on the Kursk land.

1. Demeter G. S. Ocherki istorii otechestvennoj fizicheskoj kul'tury i olimpijskogo dvizheniya [Essays on the history of Russian physical culture and the Olympic movement]. Moscow, Sovetskij sport Publ., 2005. 324 p.

2. Ponomaryov N. I. Vozniknovenie i pervonachal'noe razvitie fizicheskogo vospitaniya [The origin and initial development of physical education]. Moscow, Fizicheskaya kul'tura i sport Publ., 1970. 341 p.

3. Kurskij listok = Kursk leaf, 1890, no. 39.

4. Kurskie gubernskie vedomosti = Kursk provincial Vedomosti, 1890, no. 56.

5. Kurskie gubernskie vedomosti = Kursk provincial Vedomosti, 1890, no. 69.

6. Kurskij listok = Kursk leaf, 1891, no. 92.

7. Rakov V. V. Kurskaya guberniya perioda Grazhdanskoj vojny [Kursk province during the Civil War]. Istoriya i sovremennost' Kurskogo kraya [History and modernity of the Kursk Region]; ed. by B. N. Korocheva Kursk, Kurskij obl. IPKIPRO, 1998. 220 p.

8. Bugrov Yu. A. K uedinennomu dolu: zhizn' i tvorchestvo poeta Valeriana Borodaevskogo [To the secluded Valley: the life and work of the poet Valerian Borodaevsky]. Kursk, Kursk. St. Univ. Publ., 2006. 97 p.

9. Velosiped = Bicycle. St. Petersburg, 1892, no. 9.

10. Velosipedist i rechnoj yaht-klub = Cyclist and River Yacht Club, 1892, no. 2.

11. Bugrov Yu. A. Istoriya sporta Kurskogo kraya [History of sports of the Kursk Region]. Kn. 1. Kursk, 2015, 202 p.

12. Kursk: Kraevedcheskij slovar'-spravochnik [Kursk: Local history dictionary-reference book]; ed. by Yu. A. Bugrov. Kursk, YUMEKS Publ., 1997. 495 p.

13. Cukanova O. M., Karpova G. G. Fizkul'turno-sportivnoe dvizhenie v Kurskom krae (1917–1941 gg.) [Physical culture and sports movement in the Kursk Region (1917–1941)]. Kursk: ZAO "Universitetskaya kniga", 2017. 320 p.

14. Bugrov Yu. A. Literaturnye hroniki Kurskogo kraya [Literary chronicles of the Kursk Region]. Kursk, Izd. dom "Slavyanka", 2001. 408 p.

15. Istoriya fizicheskoj kul'tury [History of physical culture]; ed. by F. I. Samoukov. Moscow, Fizicheskaya kul'tura i sport Publ., 1956. 207 p.

16. Goloshchapov B. R. Istoriya fizicheskoj kul'tury i sporta [History of physical culture and sports]. 5th ed. Moscow, Akademiya Publ., 2008. 312 p.

17. Stolbov V. V. Istoriya fizicheskoj kul'tury [History of physical culture]. Moscow, Fizkul'tura i sport Publ., 1983. 288 p.

18. Kurskij listok = Kursk leaf, 1895, no. 31.

19. Vorob'ev V. G. Bogatyri zemli Kurskoj [Heroes of the Kursk land]. Kursk, Izd. centr "YUMEKS", 1997. 104 p.

20. Cukanova O. M., Karpova G. G. Razvitie fizkul'turno-sportivnogo dvizheniya v Kurskoj gubernii v dorevolyucionnoj period. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya i pravo = Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: History and Law, 2017, vol. 7, no. 2 (23), pp. 147–157.