The Development of Urban Electric Transport in the Cities of the Central Chernozem Region on the Eve of the Great Patriotic War: features and Results

Relevance. Until recently, in the Russian Federation, the interests of the development of urban electric transport were on the periphery of both federal and local government bodies. At the same time, there was a steady and continuous growth of cities with the emergence of new vast areas. To solve the problem of transport accessibility, the connection of new residential areas with the main city highways, it was necessary to modernize the transport system of cities and integrate the most suitable modes of transport into it to meet the needs of citizens in passenger transportation. Existing public transport systems based on small and medium-sized vehicles are unable to cope with the new emerging challenges. One of the ways to solve the problem is the development of urban electric transport, which is also reflected in the federal program of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation "Modernization of passenger transport in urban agglomerations". In this regard, the generalization of the experience of the functioning of urban transport in previous periods of history is very relevant.
The purpose is to reveal the specifics of the development of urban electric transport in the cities of the Central Black Earth Region in the period from 1938 to 1941.
Objectives: based on the analysis of materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation, local archives and relevant literature, to identify general trends and features of the development of urban electric transport in the cities of the Central Black Earth Region.
Methodology. In the process of working on the study, the basic principles of historical science were used: historicism, objectivity and consistency. In the course of writing the article, both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical method) and special historical methods were applied: retrospective, comparative historical.
Results. Based on the analysis of literature and archival materials, the general principles and directions for the development of tram facilities in the cities of the Central Black Earth Region were identified, and the results of the implementation of the planned work before the start of the Great Patriotic War were analyzed.
Conclusion. Despite a number of separate works devoted to the tram facilities of the cities of the Central Chernozem region, there are no studies that summarize their development on the eve of the Great Patriotic War, highlighting their characteristic aspects and features, as well as the general relationship between their development and the development of tram facilities in the RSFSR as a whole.

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