Remote interaction of participants in civil transactions and methods of their individualization, used in pre-revolutionary Russia

Relevance. In pre-revolutionary Russia, participants in civil transactions used methods of remote interaction aimed at the emergence, change and termination of private law relations. Remote interaction between participants in civil transactions necessitated their individualization. Nowadays, Russia is undergoing a transition to a digital economy based on the use of the digital environment. Remote interaction of participants in digital civil circulation initiates a solution to the problem of their individualization in the digital environment, which is carried out through the communicative process of identification. The results of scientific research concerning the methods of individualization of participants in remote interaction in pre-revolutionary Russia may be in demand in civil law at the present time. Their application is possible for the development of theoretical provisions concerning the identification of private law entities implementing remote interaction using digital tools.

The purpose of the study is to consider the issue of types of remote interaction between participants in civil transactions and methods of their individualization, used in pre-revolutionary Russia.

Objectives: research of types of remote interaction of participants in civil transactions; identifying ways to individualize participants in civil transactions who carried out remote interaction.

Methodology. In the process of working on the article, methods of synthesis, analysis, induction, deduction, historical-legal, comparative-legal, logical.

Results. In the course of the study, the types of remote interaction between participants in civil transactions and their inherent methods of individualization, used in pre-revolutionary Russia, were identified.

Conclusions. Remote interaction of participants in civil circulation in pre-revolutionary Russia was associated with their individualization, carried out in order to ensure the stability of civil circulation.

1. Muromtsev S.A. The civil law of Ancient Rome. Moscow: Tip. A.I. Mamontova i Ko; 1883. 697 p. (In Russ.)

2. Dyuvernua N.L. Readings on civil law. Introduction and general part. St. Petersburg.: Tip. M. M. Stasyulevicha; 1905. 286 p. (In Russ.)

3. Meier D.I. Russian civil Law. St. Petersburg: Tip. M. Merkusheva; 1910. 736 p. (In Russ.)

4. Shershenevich G.F. Textbook of Russian civil law. Kazan': Izd. kn. magazina Br. Bashmakovykh; 1902. 793 p. (In Russ.)

5. Evetskii A.A. About the contract between the absent. Zhurnal grazhdanskogo i ugolovnogo prava = Journal of Civil and Criminal Law. 1880;(9):110‒121. (In Russ.)

6. Chebotarev G.A. Commercial correspondence. A guide to the study of rules, customs and forms of trade relations. Theory and practice. Rostov-on-Don: Tip. A. Slavgorodskago, 1907. 144 p. (In Russ.)

7. Bertgol'dt G.V. (ed.) The trade charter. About clerks, attorneys and commission agents, partnerships: full, on faith and artel. Moscow: Izd. Yurid. kn. magazina F. V. Busygina; 1900. 326 p. (In Russ.)

8. The charter of the Odessa artel of messengers. Odessa: Slavyanskaya tip.; 1882. 23 p. (In Russ.)

9. The charter of the Kharkov artel of messengers. Khar'kov: Tip. I. M. Varshavchika; 1895. 18 p. (In Russ.)

10. The charter of the First railway artel in St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg: Tipo-litogr. K. Fel'dman; 1910. 33 p. (In Russ.)

11. The Charter of the Second Odessa artel of messengers. Odessa: Tip. Gladkova i Prishchenova; 1904. 24 p. (In Russ.)

12. The charter of the Saratov artel of messengers. Saratov: Tip. “Energiya”; 1911. 24 p. (In Russ.)

13. Collection of legalizations on the notarial part. St. Petersburg: Tip. A. Morigerovskago; 1868. 340 p. (In Russ.)

14. Terskii M.A. (ed.) A notarial collection for the guidance of junior notaries, compiled from the Notarial Regulations and the necessary articles of the IX, X, XI volumes of the Code of Laws. Kiev: Tip. arend. D. Poval'skim; 1877. 271 p. (In Russ.)

15. Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, editions of 1857. Vol. 12. Part 1. Charters of communication routes, postal, telegraphic, construction and fire. St. Petersburg: Tip. 2 Otd. Sobstv. E.I. V. kantselyarii; 1857. 664 p. (In Russ.)

16. Pobedonostsev K.P. The course of civil law. Part 3: Contracts and obligations. Moscow: Statut; 2003. 622 p. (In Russ.)

17. El'yashevich F. Contract by phone. Zhurnal Ministerstva yustitsii = Journal of the Ministry of Justice. 1910;(7):294‒300. (In Russ.)

18. Katkov V.D. Conclusion of contracts through electricity. Zhurnal Yuridicheskogo obshchestva pri Imperatorskom Sankt-Peterburgskom universitete = Journal of the Law Society at the Imperial St. Petersburg University. 1896;7:77‒88. (In Russ.)

19. The Charter is telegraphic. Izd. 1876 g. St. Petersburg: Tip. 2 Otd. Sobstv. E. I. V. Kantselyarii; 1876. 19 p. (In Russ.)

20. New law on residence permits. St. Petersburg: Izd. knigoprodavtsa V.I. Gubinskago; 1897. 33 p. (In Russ.)

21. Berezovskii A. (ed.) The Russian merchant or a guide for those engaged or willing to engage in commercial affairs. Moscow: Izd. knigoprodavtsa Ya. O. Bogdanova; 1867. 636 p. (In Russ.)

22. Address book of the St. Petersburg stock exchange merchants, stockbrokers and brokers at the St. Petersburg Port...: [Text to April 1, 1877]. St. Petersburg: Tip. Imp. Akad. nauk; 1877. 151 p. (In Russ.)