On the Issue of Ensuring the Freedom of Disposal of Subjective Rights in the Criminal Process of Russia: Problems of Legal Regulation and Law Enforcement

Relevance. The norms of the criminal procedure law, covering the definition of the rights of participants in the criminal process defending personal interest in the case, are guaranteed both their protection and implementation, however, the analysis of law enforcement practice reveals the existence of problems related to the shortcomings of legal regulation and the cases of violations of individual rights that take place, which necessitates a new scientific understanding of the problems of creating appropriate conditions. use of subjective rights or refusal of them.
The purpose of the study is to study the problems in terms of ensuring the freedom of expression of the will of the subject in criminal proceedings, when he can both exercise his right to something and not use it, making proposals for improving criminal procedural legislation.
Objective: identification of problematic aspects of legislative regulation and law enforcement, development of scientific proposals aimed at improving criminal procedural legislation and the activities of the law enforcement officer to enable participants in criminal proceedings to voluntarily and consciously make a decision on the implementation/non-realization of their subjective rights.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the provisions of the general scientific dialectical method of cognition of the surrounding reality. In the course of the work, general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), as well as formal-logical, formal-legal methods of cognition, observation method and questionnaire were used.
Results. Legislative regulation in terms of providing the right holder with the opportunity to make a decision on choosing one of the options arising from the existence of a subjective right of behavior remains largely insufficient, which does not allow ensuring the proper level of legal protection of the individual.
Conclusion. Cases of violations of the rights of participants in criminal proceedings allowed by the law enforcement officer, including those caused by improper procedural regulation of their activities, require further consistent actions from the legislator on the way to creating real guarantees of freedom of disposal of subjective rights.

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