Criminal law and civil aspects of voice protection

Relevance. The article examines the models of protection of human voice by criminal and civil legislation. There is an unsettled legal relationship in the case of synthesizing a human voice using artificial intelligence technologies without the consent of its owner. In the criminal law aspect, attention is drawn to the problem of the mass use of deepfake technology (image and/or voice substitution) for the purpose of committing crimes. Examples of judicial practice are given, confirming the need for legislative amendments regulating the distribution and use of generative content containing someone else's voice. The draft laws submitted to the State Duma of the Russian Federation related to the illegal use of a fake human voice created by a neural network are evaluated.

The purpose of the study is to establish the content of the protection of human voice by legal norms and to supplement scientific knowledge in this part.

Objectives: to identify the legal means of protecting a person's voice; to identify the shortcomings of current legislation and projected laws; to summarize judicial practice on the subject of research; to update the proposals of theorists and lawmakers to improve the protection of the voice as an intangible asset.

Methodology. When writing the article, the author used methods of analysis and synthesis, analysis of judicial practice, formal legal, formal logical methods and the method of interpretation of legal norms.

The results of the study are applied in nature and show that the issues of protecting a person's voice if it has been processed by artificial intelligence have not been resolved by law. A synthesized voice modified through deepfake technology is a means of committing many serious and especially serious crimes, which requires the attention of the legislator.

Conclusion. Taking into account scientific discussions, proposals concerning amendments to current legislation and adjustments to draft laws submitted to the State Duma of the Russian Federation are formulated to ensure civil protection of the synthesized human voice and counteraction by means of criminal law to the commission of crimes using the generated voice.

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