Problems of Post-War Reconstruction and Modernization of the Domestic Chemical Industry (on the Example of Enterprises Producing Phosphorous Fertilizers)

Relevance. In modern conditions, the economic sovereignty of the state is associated with its ability to ensure the production of necessary products within the country. As practice shows, the processes of globalization in the economy do not satisfy the needs of the population in demand for material goods. Therefore, the domestic experience of state regulation of economic development, especially during the post-war reconstruction and modernization of industry, is of particular interest. As a subject of research, the author has chosen the activities of chemical industry enterprises that produced fertilizers for agriculture as an example of a rational integration approach to the organization of the production of significant products. Taking into account the identified organizational problems of the functioning of the industry will help to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past in our days.
The purpose is to study the problems of restoration and modernization of the domestic chemical industry on the example of enterprises producing phosphorous fertilizers.
The objectives of the study are to characterize, on the basis of the sources identified in the RGASPI, the activities of the authorities that regulated the work of chemical industry enterprises in the post-war years.
Methodology. The author of the article used the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and consistency in the study of this topic. In addition, when writing the article, problem-chronological, system-structural and fundamental analytical (analysis, synthesis, comparison) methods were used.
Results. Based on the sources that are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the article reveals the problems faced by enterprises that produced phosphorous flour in the post-war years. This made it possible to objectively assess the main directions of development of this branch of the chemical industry, including identifying existing difficulties and shortcomings.
Conclusion. Despite the strict state regulation of the activities of enterprises, it turned out to be impossible to ensure their effective functioning only by administrative and command methods. Participation in the exercise of control and administrative prerogatives of representatives of the central apparatus of the party helped to identify organizational problems, and not to eradicate them. The lack of material interest and performance discipline at all levels became the main reason for the revealed shortcomings.

1. Alekseev V. V., Sapogovskaya L. V. Istoricheskij opyt promyshlennoj politiki v Rossii (kratkij nauchno-prakticheskij ocherk) [Historical experience of Industrial policy in Russia (short scientific and practical essay)]. Ekaterinburg, Akademkniga Publ., 2000. 100 p.

2. Pyankevich V. L. Vosstanovlenie ekonomiki SSSR (1941 – seredina 1950-h gg.). Istoriografiya [Economic recovery of the USSR (1941 – mid-1950s). Historiography]. St. Petersburg, Nestor Publ., 2001. 430 p.

3. Danilov A. A., Pyzhikov A. V. Rozhdenie sverhderzhavy: SSSR v pervye poslevoennye gody [The birth of a superpower: the USSR in the first post-war years]. Мoscow, ROSSPEN Publ., 2001. 304 p.

4. Vasil'ev M. G., Livshic Yu. T. Osnovnye napravleniya razvitiya himicheskoj promyshlennosti [The main directions of development of the chemical industry]. Мoscow, Ob-vo Znanie, 1981. 40 p.

5. Kalmykov N. N., Vajsbejn S. A. Ekonomika, organizaciya i planirovanie v himicheskoj promyshlennosti [Economics, organization and planning in the chemical industry]. Мoscow, Khimiya Publ., 1973. 328 p.

6. Kostandov L. A. Himicheskaya promyshlennost' – narodnomu hozyajstvu [Chemical industry – to the national economy]. Мoscow, Khimiya Publ., 1981. 120 p.

7. Luk'yanov P. M. Kratkaya istoriya himicheskoj promyshlennosti SSSR [A brief history of the chemical industry of the USSR]. Мoscow, Nauka Publ., 1959. 464 p.

8. Andrienko V. A., Vasil'ev N. G., Dedov A. G. Povyshenie effektivnosti proizvodstva v himicheskoj promyshlennosti [Improving production efficiency in the chemical industry]. Мoscow, Khimiya Publ., 1980. 91 p.

9. Nagimullin R. H. Istoriya vozniknoveniya krupnyh himicheskih predpriyatij na Vostoke Rossii (Na primere Ufimskogo himicheskogo zavoda). Diss. kand. tekhn. nauk [The history of the emergence of large chemical enterprises in the East of Russia (On the example of the Ufa Chemical Plant). Cand. eng. sci. diss.]. Ufa, 2005. 115 p.

10. Frolov A.V. Fosforitnaya muka. Puti povysheniya kachestva [Phosphorous flour. Ways to improve quality]. Мoscow, NIITEHim Publ., 1986. 32 p.

11. Korovin V. V., Golovin E. A., Manzhosov A. N. Industrial'nyj proryv: promyshlennost' Kurskoj oblasti v 1950–1965 godah [Industrial breakthrough: the industry of the Kursk region in 1950–1965]. Kursk, Southwest St. Univ. Publ., 2015. 328 p.

12. Korovin V. V., Golovin E. A., Koptev S. S., Manzhosov A. N. Predpriyatiya himicheskoj industrii Kurskogo kraya v ХХ veke: opyt stanovleniya i organizacii proizvodstvennoj deyatel'nosti [Chemical industry enterprises of the Kursk region in the twentieth century: the experience of formation and organization of production activities]. Kursk, Southwest St. Univ. Publ., 2014. 219 p.

13. Korovin V. V., Golovin E. A. Arhivnye dokumenty o razvitii otechestvennoj promyshlennosti v 1950–1960-e gg. (po materialam Kurskoj oblasti) [Archival documents on the development of domestic industry in the 1950s and 1960s (based on materials from the Kursk region)]. Vestnik arhivista = Archivist 's Bulletin, 2016, no. 4, pp. 87–99.

14. Korovin V. V., Voroncov R. S., Golovin E. A. Pishchevaya industriya Kurskoj oblasti v poslevoennye gody: problemy vosstanovleniya i modernizacii [The food industry of the Kursk region in the post-war years: problems of restoration and modernization]. Kursk, Southwest St. Univ. Publ., 2021. 304 p.

15. Koptev S. S. Vozniknovenie himicheskoj promyshlennosti v Kurskoj oblasti [The emergence of the chemical industry in the Kursk region]. Kazanskaya nauka = Kazan Science, 2010, no. 10, pp. 92–94.

16. Koptev S. S. [Development of chemical production on the basis of Shchigrovsky phosphorite deposit]. Nauchnye trudy molodezhnoj sekcii Kurskogo otdeleniya ROIA. Sbornik statej [Scientific works of the youth section of the Kursk branch of the ROIA. Collection of articles]. Issue 5. Kursk, ROIA Publ., 2021, pp. 24–27.

17. Antonova M. Z. Himicheskaya promyshlennost' Kurskoj oblasti. (V pomoshch' lektoru) [Chemical industry of the Kursk region. (To help the lecturer)]. Kursk, Kurskaya pravda Publ., 1968. 42 p.

18. RGASPI (Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj arhiv social'no-politicheskoj istorii) [Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History], f. 17, op. 134, d. 203.

19. Koptev S. S. Stanovlenie i razvitie predpriyatij himicheskoj promyshlennosti Kurskoj oblasti v 1930-e – nachale 1990-h gg. Diss. kand. ist. nauk [Formation and development of chemical industry enterprises of the Kursk region in the 1930s – early 1990s. Cand. hist. sci. diss.]. Kursk, 2013. 260 p.

20. GAKO (Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Kurskoj oblasti) [The State Archive of the Kursk region], f. R-1062, op. 1, d. 160.

21. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 134, d. 90.

22. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 134, d. 145.