The Concept of the Legal State in the Liberal State and Legal Doctrines of Russia in the Second Half of the XIX - Early XX Centuries

Relevance. The rapid development of the state and law, caused by active globalization processes, informatization, digitalization and robotization of most areas of public life, the problems and challenges introduced by the coronavirus pandemic necessitate a rethinking of the relationship between the individual, society and the state, the boundaries of state intervention in the spheres of society's life. These problems are most prominently reflected in the liberal ideology and the corresponding political and legal trend, which requires new approaches to consideration and assessment (in a retrospective dimension), taking into account the changed circumstances.
The purpose of the study is to study the domestic state-legal doctrines of Russia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries, the program provisions of which were aimed at developing the liberal idea and liberal principles of state building (rule of law).
Objectives: to identify the main features of the liberal teachings of P.I. Novgorodtseva, B.A. Kistyakovsky and B.N. Chicherin, taking into account their commitment to the principles of German classical philosophy; to determine the specifics of domestic liberal state-legal doctrines of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. through the prism of the relationship between the individual, society and the state.
The research methodology is based on the application of a complex of general (dialectical approach), general scientific (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, systems approach, historical approach) and particular scientific (statistical, legal-hermeneutical, content analysis) methods, which made it possible to objectively evaluate liberal state-legal teachings of Russia of the period under review and their main elements.
Results. Liberal state-legal doctrines in the pre-revolutionary legal discourse and the process of their conceptual formation are considered, which was the result of the liberal theory that was established in Western European jurisprudence.
Conclusions. Russian liberal state-legal doctrines have acquired an obvious national specificity, which contributed to the progressive development of domestic liberal political and legal thought; the key provisions of the liberal state-legal doctrine developed at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and were primarily associated with the requirement to implement the idea of a state governed by the rule of law.

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