The Impact of Amendments Made to Article 75 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on the Application and Improvement of Certain Articles of the Criminal Code of the Russia

Relevance. In 2020, a number of amendments were made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The question of their influence on the domestic legal system, as well as law enforcement practice, has been repeatedly raised in the scientific community. The authors analyze the new provisions of Part 5 of art. 75 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in its interrelation with certain provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russia on liability for violation of socio-economic rights of citizens.
The purpose of the study to identify the peculiarities of the impact of the amendments made to Article 75 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on the assessment of the degree of public danger of crimes where the object of encroachment is the right to fair wages, as well as on the qualification of acts with signs of such crimes.
Objectives: research of the established judicial practice, assessment of the significance of the amendments made to Article 75 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation for the application of articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Methodology. In the process of working on the research, both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, observation, induction, deduction) and methods of legal science (legal-dogmatic, comparative) were used.
The results of the study are distinguished by a combination of applied and theoretical nature, since it contributes to solving a number of problems of law enforcement practice, as well as understanding the connection of the Constitution of the Russian Federation with criminal law, solving problems of competition of legal norms and assessing the degree of public danger of criminal acts encroaching on the labor rights of citizens.
Conclusions. The conducted research suggests that the right to fair wages has become more significant from the point of view of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. This statement leads to two conclusions. Firstly, the violation of this right allows us to consider it essential and impute it as a consequence of Articles 201, 285, 286, 330 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Secondly, this position of the Basic Law highlights the underestimation of the degree of public danger in Article 145¹ of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The mentioned norm is special in relation to Articles 201 and 285 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, but it turned out to be privileged, less punishable.

1. Galkin D. V. Polnaya nevyplata svyshe dvuh mesyacev zarabotnoj platy: voprosy tolkovaniya ugolovno-pravovoj normy [Total non-payment of over two months of wages: questions of interpretation of the criminal law norm]. Rassledovanie prestuplenij: problemy i puti ih resheniya = Investigation of crimes: problems and ways to solve them, 2017, no. 1 (15), pp. 40–44.

2. Bagmet A. M., Boguslavskij A. M. Problemy zakonodatel'stva i pravoprimeneniya v voprosah nevyplaty zarabotnoj platy [Problems of legislation and law enforcement in non-payment of wages]. Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pravo = Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series: Law, 2006, no. 5, pp. 215–219.

3. Gronskaya N. Yu., Danilova N. A., Osipova E. P. Nevyplata zarabotnoj platy, pensij, stipendij, posobij i inyh ustanovlennyh zakonom vyplat (kvalifikaciya, rassledovanie) [Nonpayment of wages, pensions, scholarships, allowances and other payments established by law (qualification, investigation)]. St. Petersburg: S.-Peterb. in-t (filial) Akademii General'noj prokuratury Rossijskoj Federacii, 2009. 116 p.

4. Novikov V. A. Aktual'nye voprosy ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti za nevyplatu zarabotnoj platy (po materialam sudebnoj praktiki) [Topical issues of criminal liability for non-payment of wages (based on the materials of judicial practice)]. Rossijskoe pravosudie = Russian Justice, 2016, no. S1, pp. 272–284.

5. Kursaev A. V. [About the qualified staff of non-payment of wages, pensions, scholarships, allowances and other payments]. Bor'ba s pravonarusheniyami v sfere ekonomiki: pravovye, processual'nye i kriminalisticheskie aspekty. Sbornik materialov Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii [Combating offenses in the field of economics: legal, procedural and criminalistic aspects. Collection of materials of the International Scientific and practical conference]. Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk St. univ. of Economiks and Menedgment Publ., Kuzbas. in-t FSIN Rossii, 2019, pp. 92–98 (In Russ.).

6. Marasov Yu. G. [On the issue of calculating the period of non-payment of wages]. Tatishchevskie chteniya: aktual'nye problemy nauki i praktiki. Materialy XV Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii [Tatishchev readings: actual problems of science and practice. Materials of the XV International Scientific and Practical Conference]. Tol'yatti, Volzhsky Univ. after V. N. Tatishchev, 2018, pp. 1–4.

7. Prudnikova T. A. Nevyplata zarabotnoj platy: oshibki pravoprimenitel'noj praktiki [Nonpayment of wages: mistakes of law enforcement practice]. Rassledovanie prestuplenij: problemy i puti ih resheniya = Investigation of crimes: problems and ways to solve them, 2017, no. 4 (18), pp. 91–94.

8. Ugolovnoe pravo. Osobennaya chast' [Criminal law. The special part]; ed. by L. V. Inogamova-Hegaj, A. I. Rarog, A. I. Chuchaev. Ed. 2th . Moscow, Yurid. firma "KONTRAKT", INFRA-M Publ., 2008. 800 p.

9. Shchepel'kov V., Olennikov S. Srok davnosti po delam o nevyplate zarabotnoj platy [Statute of limitations on cases of non-payment of wages]. Ugolovnoe pravo = Criminal law, 2019, no. 1, pp. 71–77.

10. Enciklopediya ugolovnogo prava. Vol. 16. Prestupleniya protiv konstitucionnyh prav i svobod cheloveka i grazhdanina [Encyclopedia of Criminal Law. Vol. 16. Crimes against the constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen]; ed. by V. B. Malinin. St. Petersburg, Izdvo professora V. B. Malinina, 2011. 952 p.

11. Bikeev A. A., Talan M. V. Obshchestvennaya opasnost' narusheniya pravil ustanovleniya i vyplaty zarabotnoj platy i social'nyh vyplat [Public danger of violation of the rules for the establishment and payment of wages and social benefits]. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Gumanitarnye nauki = Scientific notes of Kazan University. Humanities, 2012, vol. 154, kn. 4, pp. 187–195.

12. Asnis A. Ya. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za sluzhebnye prestupleniya v Rossii: problemy zakonodatel'nogo zakrepleniya i pravoprimeneniya. Avtoref. diss. dokt. yurid. nauk [Criminal liability for official crimes in Russia: problems of legislative consolidation and law enforcement. Dr. legal sci. abstract diss.]. Moscow, Akademiya Upravleniya MVD Rossii Publ., 2005. 60 p.

13. Nikonov P. V., Shihanov V. N. Teoriya i praktika kvalifikacii dolzhnostnyh prestuplenij (Glava 30 UK RF) [Theory and practice of qualification of official crimes (Chapter 30 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)]. Ed. 2th St. Petersburg, Yuridicheskij centr Publ., 2021. 776 p.

14. Bykova E. G., Yashkov S. A. Nekotorye voprosy ugolovno-pravovoj ocenki nevyplaty zarabotnoj platy pri bankrotstve organizacii [Some issues of criminal-legal assessment of nonpayment of wages in case of bankruptcy of an organization]. Ugolovnoe pravo = Criminal law, 2019, no. 2, pp. 17–27.

15. Volzhenkin B. V. Sluzhebnye prestupleniya: Kommentarij zakonodatel'stva i sudebnoj praktiki [Official crimes: Commentary on legislation and judicial practice]. St. Petersburg, Izdatel'stvo R. Aslanova, Yuridicheskij centr Press Publ., 2005. 560 p.

16. Nafeev E. M. Konkurenciya ugolovno-pravovyh norm statej 105 i 317 UK RF [Competition of criminal law norms of Articles 105 and 317 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation]. Novaum.RU, 2019, no. 17, pp. 228–230.

17. Ivashchenko K. A., Rahmanova E. N. Sootnoshenie osvobozhdeniya ot ugolovnoj otvetstvennosti, predusmotrennogo v primechanii 3 k st. 178 UK RF, s normami Obshchej chasti UK RF [The ratio of exemption from criminal liability provided for in Note 3 to Article 178 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with the norms of the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation]. Biznes. Obrazovanie. Pravo. Vestnik Volgogradskogo instituta biznesa = Business. Education. Right. Bulletin of the Volgograd Institute of Business, 2019, no. 2 (47), pp. 267–272.

18. Pikurov N. I. Razreshenie konkurencii pravovyh norm v Postanovlenii Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii ot 25.06.2019 № 18 "O sudebnoj praktike po delam o prestupleniyah, predusmotrennyh stat'ej 238 Ugolovnogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii" [Resolution of competition of legal norms in the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 25.06.2019 No. 18 "On judicial practice in cases of crimes provided for in Article 238 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation"]. Vestnik Universiteta prokuratury Rossijskoj Federacii = Bulletin of the University of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, 2019, no. 5 (73), pp. 90–98.

19. Vasil'ev A. A., Man'kovskij I. Yu., Kulikov E. A. Kategorii obshchego, osobennogo i edinichnogo v prave: aspekty obshchej teorii [Categories of general, special and singular in law: aspects of general theory]. Sibirskij yuridicheskij vestnik = Siberian Legal Bulletin, 2019, no. 1 (84), pp. 3–9.

20. Bordakova A. G. K voprosu o klassifikacii special'nyh norm v rossijskom prave [On the issue of classification of special norms in Russian law]. Pravo i gosudarstvo: teoriya i praktika = Law and the State: theory and practice, 2020, no. 1 (181), pp. 71–73.

21. Burlakov V. N. Problemy kvalifikacii smezhnyh prestuplenij protiv zdorov'ya naseleniya i protiv bezopasnosti dvizheniya i ekspluatacii transportnyh sredstv [Problems of qualification of related crimes against public health and against traffic safety and operation of vehicles]. Kriminalist = Criminalist, 2021, no. 2 (35), pp. 14–17.

22. Bordakova A. G. Special'nye normy: mezhdisciplinarnyj podhod k issledovaniyu [Special norms: an interdisciplinary approach to research]. Gosudarstvenno-pravovye issledovaniya = State-legal studies, 2020, no. 3, pp. 212–216.