The Expediency of Special Knowledge of a Psychologist in Criminal Cases of Minors

The relevance of this study lies in the issues of the rights of minors, which are under the scrutiny of law enforcement agencies. The tendency is towards specialization in the aspect of knowledge of child psychology by interrogators, investigators, juvenile judges work with full dedication. However, the implementation of constitutional principles, the humanization of criminal proceedings in juvenile cases require the introduction of modernized means and tactics of investigation and consideration of cases.
The purpose is to substantiate the need to expand the competence of a psychologist, in some cases and a psychiatrist, to determine the individual properties of a minor in order to ensure a competent choice of tactics for the production of investigative and procedural actions with his participation.
Objectives: to draw the attention of scientists and practitioners to the individualization of the procedural form in cases of minors in the light of personal characteristics; to consider the specifics of the participation of a psychologist as an assistant in the choice of tactics for the production of investigative actions with the participation of minors; to note the need for the most frequent appointment of a forensic psychological examination to understand the personality characteristics and inclinations of a minor.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the method of dialectical scientific knowledge, as well as a systematic approach to the problem under consideration, a formal-logical method, analysis, synthesis.
The results of the study are to substantiate the potential of psychological knowledge in order to establish competent tactics for the production of investigative actions with the participation of a minor.
Conclusion. The issues of juvenile rights are under the scrutiny of law enforcement agencies. The tendency is towards specialization in the aspect of knowledge of child psychology by interrogators, investigators, juvenile judges work with full dedication. However, the implementation of constitutional principles, the humanization of criminal proceedings in juvenile cases require the introduction of modernized tactics of investigation and consideration of cases. In particular, it is advisable both to expand the grounds for the participation of a psychologist in juvenile affairs and to optimize the production of a forensic psychological examination to determine the tactics of criminal proceedings from the standpoint of an individual approach to the personality of a minor.

1. Drobyshevskaya N. A. Ne dolzhny byt' poteryany deti: iz opyta raboty s trudnymi det'mi [Children should not be lost : from the experience of working with difficult children]. Moscow, Moskovskaya Patriarhiya Russkoj Pravoslavnoj Cerkvi, 2013. 176 p.

2. Akiev A. R. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' za posyagatel'stva na interesy sem'i. Avtoref. diss. kand. yurid. nauk [Criminal liability for encroachments on the interests of the family. Cand. legal sci. abstract diss.]. Omsk, 2017. 22 p.

3. Pashutina O. S., Kozyavin A. A. Trebovaniya, pred"yavlyaemye k prigovoru suda, cherez prizmu normativnogo regulirovaniya i pravoprimeneniya [Requirements for a court verdict through the prism of regulatory regulation and law enforcement]. Sibirskie ugolovno-processual'nye i kriminalisticheskie chteniya = Siberian Criminal procedural and criminalistic readings, 2017, no. 1 (15), pp. 127–135.

4. Rybal'skaya V. Ya. Osobennosti proizvodstva po delam o prestupleniyah nesovershennoletnih [Features of proceedings in cases of juvenile crimes]. Irkutsk, Irkutsk. St. Univ. Publ., 1972. 119 p.

5. Timoshenko S. E. Osobennosti naznacheniya ekspertiz pri rassledovanii ugolovnyh del o prestupleniyah, sovershennyh nesovershennoletnimi [Features of the appointment of examinations in the investigation of criminal cases of crimes committed by minors]. Vestnik Omskogo yuridicheskogo instituta = Bulletin of the Omsk Law Institute, 2010, no. 1 (12), pp. 82–84.

6. Sorokotyagin I. N. Kompleksnaya sudebnaya psihologicheskaya ekspertiza [Complex forensic psychological examination]. Psihopedagogika v pravoohranitel'nyh organah = Psychopedagogy in law enforcement agencies, 2020, no. 3 (82), pp. 331–337.

7. Voronina E. S., Lipatova S. L. Ravenstvo storon i polnomochiya advokata v ugolovnom processe [Equality of the parties and the powers of a lawyer in criminal proceedings]. Territoriya nauki = Territory of Science, 2016, no. 4, pp. 159–164.

8. Hismatullin R. S. [Actual problems of appointment and production of forensic examination in the judicial process in criminal cases against minors]. Ugolovno-processual'nye i kriminalisticheskie chteniya. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj internet-konferencii [Criminal procedural and criminalistic readings: materials of the International scientific and practical Internet Conference]. Irkutsk, BGUEP Publ., pp. 133–141. (In Russ.)

9. Gribunov O. P., Zagor'yan S. G. Tipologiya lichnosti nesovershennoletnih, sovershayushchih prestupleniya v sostave organizovannyh grupp [Typology of the personality of minors committing crimes as part of organized groups]. Yuridicheskij vestnik Samarskogo universiteta = Legal Bulletin of Samara University, 2019, no. 3, pp. 84–90.

10. Vetrova G. N., eds. Proizvodstvo po delam o prestupleniyah nesovershennoletnih (gl. 68) [Proceedings on juvenile crimes (Chapter 68)]. Ugolovno-processual'noe zakonodatel'stvo Soyuza SSR i RSFR. Teoreticheskaya model' [Criminal procedure legislation of the USSR and the RSFSR. Theoretical model]; ed. by V. M. Savickii. Moscow, IGiP AN SSSR Publ., 1990. 317 p.

11. Goldobina V. S. Individualizaciya nakazaniya nesovershennoletnih v pravoprimenitel'noj deyatel'nosti: psihologicheskie aspekty [Individualization of punishment of minors in law enforcement: psychological aspects]. Rossijskij psihologicheskij zhurnal = Russian Psychological Journal, 2014, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 128–137.

12. Ermasov E. Normativno-pravovye osnovy izucheniya lichnosti nesovershennoletnih pravonarushitelej [Normative and legal bases of studying the personality of juvenile offenders]. Razvitie lichnosti = Personality development, 2011, no. 3, pp. 202–214.

13. Dushkin A. S., Goncharova A. N. Individual'no-psihologicheskie resursy lichnosti nesovershennoletnih v profilaktike ih vovlecheniya v sovershenie antiobshchestvennyh dejstvij [Individual psychological resources of the personality of minors in the prevention of their involvement in the commission of antisocial actions]. Prikladnaya yuridicheskaya psihologiya = Applied Legal Psychology, 2021, no. 1, pp. 33–40.

14. Bel'skij A. I., Yagodin R. S., Volkov P. A. Preduprezhdenie prestupnosti nesovershennoletnih [Prevention of juvenile delinquency]. Leningradskij yuridicheskij zhurnal = Leningrad Law Journal, 2016, no. 2 (44), pp. 105–111.

15. Bogdanov A. V., Hazov E. N., Komahin B. N. Prestupnost' nesovershennoletnih: novye resheniya i novye problemy [Juvenile delinquency: new solutions and new problems]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii = Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2013, no. 4, pp. 34–38.

16. Kozhokareva E. A. Prestupleniya nesovershennoletnih [Juvenile crimes]. Science Time, 2016, no. 2(26), pp. 272–275.

17. Gavrilenko A. A., Gorbacheva E. V. Znachenie ustanovleniya otdel'nyh dannyh, harakterizuyushchih lichnost' nesovershennoletnego obvinyaemogo v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve [The importance of establishing individual data characterizing the identity of a minor accused in criminal proceedings]. Sibirskij yuridicheskij vestnik = Siberian Legal Bulletin, 2012, no. 4 (59), pp. 82–89.

18. Golubnichaya A. V., Polyvanaya O. V. Prikladnoe znachenie yuvenal'noj yurisprudencii [Applied value of juvenile jurisprudence]. Izvestiya Tul'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki = Proceedings of Tula State University. Economic and legal sciences, 2016, no. 4–2, pp. 99–103.

19. Arpent'eva M. R. Voprosy yuvenal'noj yusticii [Issues of juvenile justice]. Nauka = Science, 2016, no. 5-1, pp. 13–19.

20. Dikaev S. U., Dikaeva M. S. Ob ugolovnoj politike reagirovaniya na prestupnost' nesovershennoletnih v sovremennoj Rossii [On the criminal policy of responding to juvenile delinquency in modern Russia]. Vserossijskij kriminologicheskij zhurnal = All-Russian Journal of Criminology, 2020, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 687–698.