Legal Relations Arising when Concluding a Preliminary Agreement
https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2021-11-5-19-31
Abstract
Relevance. Despite the widespread use in civil circulation of the civil law structure of the preliminary contract and the attention to it from the scientific community, in law enforcement practice there are many controversial issues related to the application of this structure. The article presents the results of a study of the complex of legal relations that emerge upon the conclusion of a preliminary contract. The author qualifies these legal relationships as organizational obligations, reveals in their content mutual subjective civil rights and obligations. The fulfillment of these obligations is due to demand, but the new provisions of the legislation governing the conditional performance of obligations turned out to be worked out to a lesser extent than the conditional performance of obligations based on the preliminary agreement.
The purpose of the study is an attempt to formulate new scientific provisions based on an in-depth analysis of the provisions of the current legislation concerning the conclusion and execution of a preliminary contract.
Objectives: identify and study the specifics of legal relations that develop in the process of concluding a preliminary contract, give them scientific qualifications, analyze the norms of the current legislation and determine the directions of its development.
Methodology. In the study there were used the dialectical-materialistic method, the system method, the methods of analysis and synthesis, and the formal-legal method.
The results the research is of a theoretical and applied nature and is aimed at improving the quality of law enforcement practice and improving legislation.
Conclusions. The author, on the basis of the analysis, comes to the conclusion that as a result of the conclusion of a preliminary contract, an obligation arises with conditional performance, the conclusion of a preliminary contract regarding a real contract does not contradict the current legislation, although it has features in terms of the consequences of failure to fulfill the main obligation.
About the Author
Tatiana B. Semenukha
Sevastopol State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Associate Professor at the Department of Civil Law
33 Universitetskaya str., Sevastopol 299053
References
1. Mejer D. I. Russkoe grazhdanskoe pravo [Russian Civil Law]. Moscow, Statut Publ., 2003. 831 p.
2. Pobedonoscev K. P. Kurs grazhdanskogo prava: Dogovory i obyazatel'stva. Ukazateli i prilozheniya k Kursu grazhdanskogo prava [Civil Law Course: Contracts and Obligations. Pointers and appendices to the Civil Law Course]. St. Petersburg, Sinod. tip., 1896, pt. 3. 755 p.
3. Shershenevich G. F. Izbrannoe. Vol. 5. Uchebnik russkogo grazhdanskogo prava [Textbook of Russian Civil Law]; vstup. slovo, sost. P. V. Krasheninnikov. Moscow, Statut Publ., 2017. 832 p.
4. Agarkov M. M. Izbrannye trudy po grazhdanskomu pravu. Vol. 2. Obshchee uchenie ob obyazatel'stvah i ego otdel'nyh vidah [Selected works on civil law. Vol. 2. The General doctrine of obligations and its individual types]. Moscow, Statut Publ., 2012. 535 p.
5. Novickij I. B. Obyazatel'stvo zaklyuchit' dogovor [Obligation to conclude a contract]; ed. by M. S. Lipeckera. Moscow, Tip. TASS, 1947. 50 p.
6. Rossijskoe grazhdanskoe parvo. Vol. 2. Obyazatel'stvennoe pravo [Russian Civil Law. Vol. 2: Law of Obligations]; ed. by E. A. Suhanov. Available at: https://znanium.com/catalog/product/492913. (accessed 10.07.2021)
7. Braginskij M. I. Predvaritel'nyj dogovor v hozyajstvennyh otnosheniyah [Preliminary agreement in economic relations]. Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo = The Soviet State and Law, 1971, no. 3, pp. 103–108.
8. Braginskij M. I., Vitryanskij V. V. Dogovornoe pravo. Kn. 1: Obshchie polozheniya [Contract law. Book 1. General provisions]. Moscow, Statut Publ., 2011. 847 p.
9. Sklovskij K. I., Cokur O. Predvaritel'nyj dogovor: zadatki i ubytki [Preliminary agreement: deposits and losses]. Biznes-Advokat = Business Lawyer, 2002, no. 1, pp. 10.
10. Sklovskij K. I. Predvaritel'nyj dogovor ob arende. Nedejstvitel'nost' dogovora arendy i uluchsheniya imushchestva [Preliminary lease agreement. Invalidity of the lease agreement and property improvements]. Zakon = Law, 2009, no. 5, pp. 217–227.
11. Belov V. A. Grazhdanskoe pravo. Vol. 2. Obshchaya chast'. Lica, blaga, fakty [Civil Law. Vol. 2. General part. Persons, benefits, facts]. Moscow, Yurajt Publ., 2012. 1093 p.
12. Dogovornoe pravo (obshchaya chast'): postatejnyj kommentarij k stat'yam 420–453 Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federacii [Contract law (general part): article-by-article commentary to Articles 420-453 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation]; ed. by A. G. Karapetov. Moscow, M-Logos Publ., 2020. 1425 p.
13. Chumakova O. N., Suslikov V. N. Mekhanizm dejstviya predvaritel'nogo dogovora i ego pravovoe regulirovanie [The mechanism of the preliminary agreement and its legal regulation]. Obrazovanie i pravo = Education and Law, 2017, no. 8, pp. 147–151.
14. Rotan' V. G., Sonin O. E., Chertkova Yu. V. Novejshee uchenie o tolkovanii prava [The latest teaching on the interpretation of law]. Simferopol', 2019. 792 p.
15. Men'shenin P. A. Ponyatie i predmet predvaritel'nogo dogovora: osnovnye podhody teorii i praktiki [The concept and subject of the preliminary agreement: the main approaches of theory and practice]. Vestnik Vysshego Arbitrazhnogo Suda Rossijskoj Federacii = Bulletin of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, 2011, no. 1, pp. 30–48.
16. Agarkov M. M. Yuridicheskaya priroda zheleznodorozhnoj perevozki (1922) [The legal nature of railway transportation (1922)]. Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava = Bulletin of Civil Law, 2008, no. 4, pp. 144–172
17. Poduzova E. B. Predvaritel'nyj dogovor kak osnovanie vozniknoveniya organizacionnogo pravootnosheniya [Preliminary agreement as the basis for the emergence of an organizational legal relationship]. Vestnik universiteta imeni O. E. Kutafina (MGYUA) = Bulletin of the O. E. Kutafin University (MGUA), 2015, no. 10, pp. 133–141.
18. Polyakova V. E. Predvaritel'nyj dogovor v prave Rossii i Germanii. Diss. kand. yurid. nauk [Preliminary agreement in the law of Russia and Germany. Cand. legal sci. diss.]. Moscow, 2015. 23 p.
19. Majdarovskij D. V. Ob obyazatel'stvah, vytekayushchih iz predvaritel'nogo dogovora [On obligations arising from the preliminary agreement]. Severo-Kavkazskij yuridicheskij vestnik = North Caucasian Legal Bulletin, 2009, no. 3, pp. 59–61.
20. Zekkel' E. Sekundarnye prava v grazhdanskom prave [Secundary rights in civil law]. Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava = Bulletin of Civil Law, 2007, vol. 7, is. no. 2, pp. 236.
Review
For citations:
Semenukha T.B. Legal Relations Arising when Concluding a Preliminary Agreement. Proceedings of Southwest State University. Series: History and Law. 2021;11(5):19-31. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2021-11-5-19-31
Views:
199
Email this article 