The Formation of the Hotel Business in Russia (XI – XVIII Centuries)

Relevance. The article examines the process of the establishment of the hotel business in Russia. The relevance of the topic under consideration is unconditional in view of its low coverage in the scientific literature and its importance for the formation of a general concept of the development of the hotel industry in the country.
The purpose is to highlight the main stages of the establishment of the hotel business in Russia.
Objectives: to determine the degree of state regulation of the activities of "hotels"; to name the types of hotel establishments in different historical periods; to assess the level of service.
Methodology. The article is based on the principles of historicism, consistency and objectivity. In addition to them were the methods of a special plan – hermeneutic, comparative legal and historical-typological.
Results. The process of establishment of the hotel business in Russia was a long one, inextricably linked with the formation and development of Russian statehood. Hotel establishments of various types were arranged, as a rule, in cities or on crowded roads. They provided accommodation, catering services, and, at the same time, strengthened trade ties, created conditions for cultural exchange. Hospitality was a characteristic feature of the Russian people. In the pre-Mongol period, reception and accommodation services were provided by guest houses, inns, camps, churchyards. Under the influence of the Mongol-Tatars, Yamsky stations appeared as hotels on the roads of Russia. Since the beginning of the XVIII century, the country's hotel network has been expanding at the expense of European-type establishments: inns, herbergs. The state has been leaving the hotel business outside the zone of active regulation for a long time. The activities of the "hotels" were subordinated to customary law. The first attempts to establish hotel standards date back to the XIV century . During the formation of the unified Russian state, activity in hotel management increased. In Peter's time, the government's policy was aimed at modernizing service quality standards, expanding the scope of hotel services provided, improving taxation, and unifying the hotel chain.
Conclusion. The state of the hotel industry was a qualitative reflection of the political and socio-economic processes in the country.

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