Kursk Fortress: on the Question of the Borders of Natural Defense Fortentions
https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2024-14-1-174-192
Abstract
Relevance. This article is an attempt at a comparative analysis of the changes in the central part of Kursk that occurred during the implementation of the master plan for the construction of the city. This topic is poorly represented in the scientific literature, and therefore is relevant and in demand.
The purpose of the article: on the basis of available materials (plans, drawings, photographs) to determine the boundaries of the medieval defensive ditch of the city of Kursk and its influence on the city plan.
The objectives arise from the set goal: to find the boundaries of the Kursk medieval fortress; find out how the ditch was «fitted» into the new plan of Kursk; establish the location of the defensive ditch.
Methodology. The article is based on the general principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and consistency. In addition to the above principles, the reconstruction method and the comparative historical method were used.
Results. Thanks to the method of superimposing city plans and satellite images of the city, the location of the defensive ditch of Kursk as it was at the end of the 18th century was established. The possible boundaries of the medieval fortress and the location relative to existing buildings have been established, taking into account the repeated changes in the relief of the central part of the city. The boundaries of the moat were established on the northern and western sides of the fortress.
Conclusion. In the work done, the probable boundaries of the medieval city and the location of the defensive moat on the north and west sides were established. The width and depth of the moat in the Pervomaisky Park area were also determined. A time frame has been set for filling in the defensive structure in connection with the implementation of the urban development plan of 1782.
About the Author
A. A. Petrov
Southwest State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Aleksander A. Petrov, Post-Graduate Student of the Department of History and Socio-Cultural Service
50 Let Oktyabrya Str. 94, Kursk 305040
References
1. Zorin A. V., Starodubcev G. Yu. [The structure and development of the defensive structures of the Kursk fortress]. Gorod Srednevekov'ya i rannego Novogo vremeni. Arheologiya. Istoriya. Materialy V Vserossijskogo seminara [The city of the Middle Ages and early Modern times. Archaeology. History. Materials of the V All-Russian Seminar]. Tula, Gos. voenno-ist. prirodnyj muzej-zapovednik "Kulikovo pole", 2016, pp. 59–66. (In Russ.)
2. Goryushkina N. E. Istoriya Kurskogo kraya [The history of the Kursk region]. Kursk, Southwest St. Univ. Publ., 2013. 196 p.
3. Peretokina S. E. Problema vossozdaniya Kurskoj kreposti v konce XVI v. [The problem of recreating the Kursk fortress at the end of the XVI century]. Vestnik nauchnyh konferencij = Bulletin of scientific conferences, 2023, no. 11-7 (99), pp. 102–103.
4. Vorotnikova I. A., Nedelin V. M. Kremli, kreposti i ukreplennye monastyri Russkogo gosudarstva XV–XVII vekov. T. 2, kn. 1. Kreposti yuga Rossii [Kremlins, fortresses and fortified monasteries of the Russian state of the XV–XVII centuries. Vol. 2, Book 1. Fortresses of the South of Russia]. Moscow, Buksmart Publ., 2016. 555 p.
5. Bulgakov G. I. Vneshnij vid Kurskogo Znamenskogo monastyrya v proshlom po arhivnym dokumentam [The appearance of the Kursk Znamensky Monastery in the past according to archival documents]. Kursk, Eparhial'naya tip., 1913. 18 p.
6. RGIA (Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj istoricheskij arhiv) [The Russian State Historical Archive], f. 1293, op. 168, d. 5, l. 1.
7. Petrov A. A. ["The fortress that became a city": the construction of the city of Kursk in the XVI–XVIII centuries as an object of display]. Turisticheskij, gostinichnyj i restorannyj biznes: innovacii i trendy. Materialy Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii [Tourist, hotel and restaurant business: innovations and trends. Materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference]. Kursk, Universitetskaya kniga Publ., 2022, pp. 115–119. (In Russ.)
8. Fedorov S. I. Centry gorodov Orla, Kurska i Belgoroda – kompleksnye pamyatniki istorii i kul'tury [The centers of the cities of Orel, Kursk and Belgorod are complex monuments of history and culture]. Leningrad, Strojizdat Publ., Leningr. otd-nie, 1975. 200 p.
9. Nemeckaya aerofotos"yomka Kurska. Iyun' 1943 goda [German aerial photography of Kursk. June 1943]. Available at: http://www.etomesto.ru/map-kursk_aero-photo/ (accessed 14.12.2023).
10. GAKO (Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Kurskoj oblasti) [The State Archive of the Kursk region], f. R-770, op. 1, d. 24, l. 1.
11. RGIA, f. 1293, op. 168, d. 6, l. 1.
12. RGIA, f. 1293, op. 168, d. 8, l. 1.
13. Borozdin K. M. Risunki i chertezhi s opisaniem (24) k puteshestviyu po Rossii. Chast' 4. [Drawings and drawings with a description (24) for a trip to Russia. Part 4]. Moscow, 1810, pt. 4. 50 p.
14. RGIA, f. 1488, op. 2, d. 394, l. 5.
15. RGIA, f. 446, op. 27, d. 17. Doklad № 131 ot 29 iyunya 1878 g.
16. GAKO, f. 325, op. 1, d. 5, l. 63
17. RGADA (Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj arhiv drevnih aktov) [The Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts], f. 383, op. 1, d. 159, l. 1.
18. RGADA, f. 383, op. 1, d. 160, l. 1.
19. GAKO, f. 26, op. 1, d. 87, l. 725.
20. RGIA, f. 218, op. 4, d. 1206, l. 351.
21. Donchenko Yu. V. Gubernskij Kursk na staroj otkrytke [Provincial Kursk on an old postcard]. Kursk, 2008. 384 p.
22. Myshlaevskij A. Z. Kreposti i garnizony Yuzhnoj Rossii v 1718 godu: Izvlechenie. iz sovremennogo otcheta Kievskoj gubernii [Fortresses and garrisons of Southern Russia in 1718: An extract. from the modern report of the Kiev province]. St. Petersburg, Voen.-uchen. kom. Glavnogo shtaba, 1897. 62 p.
Review
For citations:
Petrov A.A. Kursk Fortress: on the Question of the Borders of Natural Defense Fortentions. Proceedings of Southwest State University. Series: History and Law. 2024;14(1):174-192. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2024-14-1-174-192
Views:
103
Email this article 