The Development of Tavern Legislation during the Preparation of the wine Reform of 1863 in Russia

Relevance. The wine reform of 1863 is an important stage in the improvement of Russian legislation on the tavern industry. But the activities of the Special Committee for the Development of tavern legislation in historiography have not received adequate coverage. The problem raised in the article is very relevant for the correct interpretation of the history of tavern establishments. The purpose is to show the activities of a Special Committee headed by A.P. Zablotsky-Desyatovsky on the development of tavern legislation in Russia.

The objectives arising from the designated goal are to ensure that: to describe the state of the tavern industry on the eve of the wine reform; to reveal the course of preparation of the "Regulations on the tavern industry"; to highlight the requirements legally imposed on tavern establishments.

The methodology of the article includes the principles of objectivity, historicism and consistency, which complemented the historical-chronological, historical-comparative research methods.

Results. There was no general legislation regulating the activities of tavern establishments in Russia for a long time, different laws regulated the tavern industry in capitals, port, provincial, and county towns. They were extensive, confusing, and hampered the initiative of the hotel owners, but left many aspects of the activity without instructions. The government has been developing tavern legislation for a long time. The merit in the creation of the all-Russian "Regulations on tavern establishments" belongs to a Special commission under the leadership of A.P. Zablotsky-Desyatovsky. She carried out this work as part of the preparation of the wine reform. The "Regulations on tavern establishments" became the fundamental document that defined the conditions and nature of the tavern business for several decades.

Conclusion. The "Regulations on Tavern Establishments", highly approved on July 4, 1861, corresponded to the spirit of the times. It made it possible to establish clear rules for the functioning of tavern establishments. Their number increased significantly in the second half of the XIX century, budget revenues from taverns became a prominent part of budgets at all levels.

1. Tarbeev A. Traktirnyi promysel na Rusi (ocherki po istorii rossiiskogo traktirnogo promysla s nachala ego vozniknoveniya) [Tavern fishing in Russia (essays on the history of Russian tavern fishing since its inception)]. Restorannoe delo = Restaurant business, 1911, no. 12. Available at: allcafe.ru›readingroom/history/rus/ (accessed 10.01.2024.)

2. Chernov V. A. Stanovlenie traktirnogo promysla kak etap razvitiya industrii gostepriimstva (na primere Dal'nego Vostoka) [The formation of the tavern trade as a stage in the development of the hospitality industry (on the example of the Far East)]. Sotsial'nye i gumanitarnye nauki na Dal'nem Vostoke = Social and Humanitarian Sciences in the Far East, 2011, no. 1 (29), pp. 129–135.

3. Degtyarev S. O. Gostinichnoe delo v dorevolyutsionnoi Moskve [Hotel business in prerevolutionary Moscow]. Politika i Obshchestvo = Politics and Society, 2014, no. 12, pp. 1543– 1548.

4. Serova E. D. Zavedeniya traktirnogo promysla Kryma vo vtoroi polovine XIX veka [Establishments of the tavern industry of the Crimea in the second half of the XIX century]. Uchenye zapiski Tavricheskogo natsional'nogo universiteta im. V. I. Vernadskogo. Seriya: Istoricheskie nauki = Scientific notes of the Tauride National University named after V. I. Vernadsky. Series: Historical Sciences, 2011, vol. 24 (63), no. 2, pp. 111–121.

5. Dolgikh E. V. Pravovoe polozhenie zavedenii obshchestvennogo pitaniya Rossii v 1861– 1918 gg. [The legal status of public catering establishments in Russia in 1861-1918]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 8: Istoriya = Bulletin of the Moscow University. Episode 8: The Story, 2017, no. 5, pp. 14–41.

6. Goryushkina N. E. Podgotovka vinnoi reformy 1863 goda v Rossii [Preparation of the wine reform of 1863 in Russia]. Kursk, Southwest St. Univ. Publ., 2017. 187 p.

7. O pozvolenii inozemtsu Petru Mille zavesti na Vasil'evskom ostrovu traktira [On allowing the foreigner Peter Milla to open a tavern on Vasilyevsky Island]. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii = The Complete Collection of laws of the Russian Empire, coll. 1, vol. V, no. 3299.

8. Gakstgauzen A. Issledovaniya vnutrennikh otnoshenii narodnoi zhizni i v osobennosti sel'skikh uchrezhdenii Rossii [Studies of the internal relations of people's life and especially rural institutions in Russia]. Moscow, Tip. A. I. Mamontova i K°, 1869, vol. 1. 490 p.

9. Polozhenie o gostinitsakh, restoratsiyakh, kofeinykh domakh, traktirakh i kharchevnyakh v Sankt-Peterburge i Moskve [Regulations on hotels, restaurants, coffee houses, inns and inns in St. Petersburg and Moscow]. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii. = The Complete Collection of laws of the Russian Empire, coll. 1, vol. 37, no. 28538.

10. O ustroistve traktirnykh zavedenii v S. Peterburge [On the establishment of tavern establishments in St. Petersburg]. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii = The Complete Collection of laws of the Russian Empire, coll. 2, vol. 1, no. 793.

11. Polozhenie o traktirnykh zavedeniyakh i mestakh dlya prodazhi napitkov v S. Peterburge [Regulations on tavern establishments and places for the sale of beverages in St. Petersburg]. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii = The Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire, coll. 2, vol. 10, no. 7845.

12. Otdel rukopisei Rossiiskoi gosudarstvennoi biblioteki im. V. I. Lenina [Department of Manuscripts of the V. I. Lenin Russian State Library], f. 139 (Koshelevy), kart. 16, ed. khr. 11, l. 1-23 ob.

13. Proekt novogo polozheniya o traktirnykh zavedeniyakh v stolitsakh, gubernskikh, portovykh i uezdnykh gorodakh. Doklad osoboi komissii, obrazovannoi pri Obshchei dume (ot 7 iyulya 1852 g.) [Draft of a new regulation on tavern establishments in capitals, provincial, port and county towns. Report of the special commission formed under the General Duma (dated July 7, 1852)]. St. Petersburg, S.-Peterburgskaya gorodskaya obshchaya duma, 1852. 51 p.

14. RGIA (Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv) [The Russian State Historical Archive], f. 940, op. 1, d. 1, l. 6–7, 12.

15. Vysochaishe utverzhdennoe Polozhenie o piteinom sbore [The most highly approved Regulations on the drinking collection]. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii = The Complete Collection of laws of the Russian Empire, coll. 2, vol. 36, pt. 2, no. 37197.

16. Kommercheskii kalendar' na 1879 god [The commercial calendar for 1879]. St. Petersburg, Vasil'ev Publ., 1878. 359 p.

17. Sbornik novykh zakonov i rasporyazhenii pravitel'stva, vysochaishe utverzhdennykh gosudarem imperatorom v 1862-1863 godakh [Collection of new laws and government orders, most highly approved by the Sovereign Emperor in 1862-1863]. Moscow, Tip. M. Smirnovoi, 1863. 173 p.

18. Goryushkina N. E., Petrov A. A. [The rise of the tavern industry in Russia in the second half of the XIX – early XX century]. Aktual'nye problemy razvitiya turistskoi industrii. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Actual problems of the development of the tourism industry. Materials of the International scientific and practical conference]. Kursk, Universitetskaya kniga Publ., 2022, pp. 29–31. (In Russ.)

19. Polozhenie o traktirnykh zavedeniyakh [Regulations on tavern establishments]. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii = The Complete Collection of laws of the Russian Empire, coll. 2, vol. 36, pt. 2, no. 37198.

20. Otchet o deistviyakh S.-Peterburgskoi traktirnoi deputatsii [Report on the actions of the St. Petersburg tavern deputation]. St. Petersburg, Tip. G. Shreder, 1870. 193 p.

21. Volokitin N. I. Ukazatel' luchshikh magazinov, fabrik, gostinits i uveselitel'nykh zavedenii [Index of the best shops, factories, hotels and entertainment establishments]. St. Petersburg, Tip. F. Persona, 1866. 39 p.

22. Polozhenie o traktirnom promysle [Regulations on tavern trade]. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii = The Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire, coll. 3, vol. 18, no. 15601.