Land USE and the Economy System in Russia at the Beginning of the 20th Century

Relevance. This article is an attempt to study the features of land use in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Land use and the economic system in Russia during the period under study were the result of a complex centuries-old process of development of the country's agricultural sector.
The purpose research is to study the features of the development of land use and the economic system in Russia at the beginning of the XX century.
Objectives. The tasks of our scientific research will be formulated as follows: to present an analysis of historical information related to the structure of land use and the economic system in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century; ras-look at the dynamics of the development of land relations in the country.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was: the principle of historicism; methods of objectivity and scientific character; chronological, historical and comparative approaches research served: the principle of historicism; methods of objectivity and scientific character; chronological, historical and comparative approaches.
Results made it possible to draw objective conclusions about the structure and dynamics of the development of the land use system and the economic system in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century.
Conclusion Thus, the system of land use in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century was closely connected with the system of land tenure, which was formed over several centuries. The Russian peasantry was in dire need due to its limited land resources. It was forced to rent large areas from other owners: landlords, the state, and other peasants. In turn, this became the cause of the poverty of the peasantry, who gave on average half of their crops to the owners of the land. As a result, the poor Russian peasantry was largely exposed to the revolutionary propaganda of various leftist forces. This was clearly manifested during the revolutionary events of 1905-1907. and especially during the revolutionary events of 1917, when mainly representatives of these small-land peasant farms destroyed the entire mechanism of the land use system.

1. Lenin V. I. Agrarnaya programma [Agrarian program]. Polnoe sobranie sochinenij [Complete works]. 5th ed. Moscow, Izd-vo polit. lit., 1967, vol. 13.

2. Ostrovskij A. V. Rossijskaya derevnya na istoricheskom pereput'e. Konec XIX – nachalo XX v. [A Russian village at a historical crossroads. The end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century]. Moscow, Tovarishchestvo nauchnyh izdanij KMK Publ., 2016. 431 p.

3. Sidel'nikov S. M. Agrarnaya reforma Stolypina [A Russian village at a historical crossroads. The end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century]. Moscow, Izd-vo MGU, 1973. 335 p.

4. Tyukavkin V. G. Velikorusskoe krest'yanstvo i stolypinskaya agrarnaya reforma [The Great Russian Peasantry and Stolypin Agrarian Reform]. Moscow, Pamyatniki istoricheskoj mysli Publ., 2001. 304 p.

5. Shanin T. Revolyuciya kak moment istiny. 1905–1907 → 1917–1922 gg. [Revolution as a Moment of Truth. 1905–1907 → 1917–1922]. Moscow, Ves' mir Publ., 1997. 560 p.

6. Anfimov A. M. Zemel'naya arenda v Rossii v nachale XX veka [Land lease in Russia at the beginning of the XX century]. Moscow, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1961. 207 p.

7. Anfimov A. M. Rossijskaya derevnya v gody Pervoj mirovoj vojny 1914 – fevral' 1917 g. [Russian village during the First World War 1914 – February 1917]. Moscow, Izd-vo social'noekon. lit., 1962. 382 p.

8. Ostrovskij A. V. Zernovoe proizvodstvo Evropejskoj Rossii v konce XIX – nachale XX v. [Grain production in European Russia in the late XIX – early XX century]. St. Petersburg, Poltorak Publ., 2013. 416 p.

9. Ostrovskij A. V. Zhivotnovodstvo Evropejskoj Rossii v konce XIX – nachale XX vv. [Animal husbandry in European Russia in the late XIX – early XX centuries]. St. Petersburg, Poltorak Publ., 2014. 441 p.

10. Sel'skohozyajstvennyj obzor Ryazanskoj gubernii za 1908 god [Agricultural survey of Ryazan province for 1908], is. 1. Vladimir, Ryaz. gub. zemskaya uprava, 1908. 64 p.

11. Tyukavkin V. G. Agrarnoe perenaselenie v Rossii v epohu imperializma [Agrarian overpopulation in Russia in the era of imperialism]. Social'no-demograficheskie processy v rossijskoj derevne (XVI – nachalo XX v.) [Socio-demographic processes in the Russian countryside (XVI – early XX century)]. Tallin, AN ESSR Publ., 1986, pp. 214–225.

12. Anfimov A. M. Krupnoe pomeshchich'e hozyajstvo Evropejskoj Rossii (konec XIX – nachalo XX veka) [Large landlord economy of European Russia (late XIX – early XX century)]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1969. 396 p.

13. Materialy po podvornomu obsledovaniyu zhivotnovodstva v Tambovskoj gubernii v 1912 godu [Materials on the farmstead survey of livestock in the Tambov province in 1912]. Tambov, Tip. Gubernskogo zemstva 1913. 116 p.

14. Sel'skohozyajstvennyj obzor Kazanskoj gubernii za 1913 god [Agricultural survey of Kazan province for 1913]. Kazan', Stat. otd-nie Kazanskoj gub. zemskoj upravy, 1914.

15. Otchet Gosudarstvennogo dvoryanskogo zemel'nogo banka za 1915 god [Report of the State Noble Land Bank for 1915]. Petrograd, 1916.

16. Otchet Gosudarstvennogo dvoryanskogo zemel'nogo banka za 1916 god [Report of the State Noble Land Bank for 1916]. Petrograd, 1918.

17. Zyryanov P. N. Krest'yanskaya obshchina Evropejskoj Rossii v 1907–1914 gg. [The peasant community of European Russia in 1907-1914]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1992. 256 p.

18. Koconis Ya. Kak krest'yan delali otstalymi [How the peasants were made backward]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie Publ., 2006. 320 p.

19. Pouezdnye itogi Vserossijskoj sel'skohozyajstvennoj perepisi 1917 g. Po 57 guberniyam i oblastyam [District results of the All - Russian Agricultural Census of 1917 For 57 provinces and regions]. Trudy CSU = Proceedings of the CSU. Moscow, 1923, vol. 5, is. 2.

20. Esikov S. A. [The impact of the First World War on agriculture]. Gumanitarnye nauki: problemy i resheniya. Sbornik nauchnyh statej [Humanities: problems and solutions. Collection of scientific articles]; ed. by A. A. Slezina. Moscow, Tambov, OOO "Centr-press" Publ., OOO "VIP-GRAF" Publ., 2009, is. VI, pp. 136–148. (In Russ.)

21. Shchagin E. M. [The impact of the First World War on the national economy of Russia]. Rossiya v mirovyh vojnah XX veka. Materialy nauchnoj konferencii [Russia in the World Wars of the XX century. Materials of the scientific conference]; ed. by A. V. Lubkov. Moscow, MGPU Publ., 2002, pp. 27–35. (In Russ.)

22. Gregori P. Ekonomicheskij rost Rossijskoj imperii (konec XIX – nachalo XX vv.). Novye podschyoty i ocenki [Economic growth of the Russian Empire (late XIX – early XX centuries). New calculations and estimates]. Moscow, ROSSPEN Publ., 2003. 254 p.

23. Krest'yanskoe dvizhenie v Rossii v 1901–1904 godah. Sbornik dokumentov [The peasant movement in Russia in 1901-1904. Collection of documents]; ed. by A. M. Anfimov. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1998. 368 p.

24. Krest'yanskoe dvizhenie v Rossii. Iyun' 1907 – Iyun' 1914. Sbornik dokumentov [The peasant movement in Russia. June 1907 – June 1914. Collection of documents]; ed. by A. V. Shapkarin. Moscow, Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1966. 676 p.