Criminal Law Protection of Personal Data in Foreign Countries

Relevance. Due to the significant increase in crimes related to personal data around the world, many non-CIS countries have adopted special regulatory legislation aimed at protecting confidential information – personal, family, medical, banking secrets, etc. In this part, foreign criminal law has also undergone drastic changes. The experience of foreign countries is of theoretical and practical importance for the development of effective criminal legal means of preventing crimes, which makes the search for the optimal concept of ensuring the security of personal data in Russia with the help of criminal law relevant. In this regard it is obviously necessary to consider the main models of systematization of the crimes encroaching on inviolability of personal data, approaches to the description of the criminal bans applied by the foreign legislator, to reveal features of corpora delicti concerning the personal data unknown to the Russian criminal law.
The purpose of the study is to determine the existing system of crimes protecting personal data in foreign criminal law, and to identify its features.
Objectives: study of the composition of crimes protecting the inviolability of personal data in foreign countries; identification of peculiarities of their design taking into account the modern version; formulating proposals for possible optimization of similar norms of the Russian Criminal Code taking into account foreign experience.
Methodology. In the process of working on comparativist research, general scientific methods (systemic, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy) and methods of legal science (comparative legal, formal legal, system structural and others) were used.
Results of a research consist in definition and classification of models of the criminal ban concerning personal data in foreign countries.
Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, the author came to the conclusion about the difference between the criminal law models for ensuring the security of personal data and the legal and technical design of specific elements of crimes. Proposals are formulated to improve domestic criminal legislation based on the standards of foreign criminal laws.

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