Institutionalization of powers and functions of the prosecutor's office in the field of supervision over compliance with constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms

Relevance. The function of prosecutorial supervision over the observance of human and civil rights and freedoms has not received a succinct and concise resolution in legislation or in theoretical and methodological developments. The relevance of this study is due to the need for a comparative analysis of the powers of the prosecutor’s office and a number of other structural units of the state apparatus, whose competence includes the protection of constitutional rights and freedoms.

The purpose. This study is an attempt by the author to systematize the powers and functions of the prosecutor’s office in the field of implementation of the constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen. Objectives. The stated goal involves solving a number of research problems, including studying the content of theory, legislation and law enforcement practice in the field of prosecutorial humanitarian supervision.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the study includes general and special methods and techniques that have been developed and tested by modern legal science: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, dialectical approach.

Results. The author proves that the balance and internal consistency of the system of state protection of human and civil rights and freedoms is guaranteed mainly due to the constitutional principles of non-departmental and intersectoral nature of prosecutorial supervision.

Conclusion. The effectiveness of prosecutorial supervision over the observance of citizens' rights is facilitated by: the prosecutor's non-interference in the operational and economic activities of supervised persons, the inadmissibility of interference by the prosecutor's office in the competence of other government bodies and officials, the discretion of the prosecutor's office in choosing the means of prosecutorial response depending on the prevailing circumstances and the legal content of the applicant's case.

1. Evdokimov V.B., Igonina N.A. Constitutional modernization and prosecutorial supervision over the observance of human and civil rights and freedoms. Zhurnal rossiiskogo prava = Journal of Russian Law. 2021;(12):157-162. (In Russ.)

2. Subanova N.V., Igonina N.A. Prosecutor's supervision over the observance of human and civil rights and freedoms: on the issue of a conceptual development model. Vestnik Universiteta prokuratury Rossiiskoi Federatsii = Bulletin of the University of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation. 2022;(3):30-29. (In Russ.)

3. Openyshev O.S. Prosecutor's supervision in the field of observance of human and civil rights and freedoms. In: 20 let Konstitutsii Rossiiskoi Federatsii: sbornik statei = 20 years of the Constitution of the Russian Federation: collection articles. Moscow: Akad. Gen. prokuratury RF; 2013. P. 151-163. (In Russ.)

4. Kolesnikov E.V., Aklanov A.A. Status of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation and prosecutorial supervision over the observance of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. Pravovaya politika i pravovaya zhizn' = Legal Policy and Legal Life. 2022;(3):246-250. (In Russ.)

5. Butinov M.A. Subject and object of prosecutorial supervision over the observance of human and civil rights and freedoms. Sovremennye gumanitarnye issledovaniya = Modern humanitarian research. 2019;(1):91-103. (In Russ.)

6. Nazarov V.T., Zhuzhgov I.V. The essence of prosecutorial supervision over the observance of the right to life, freedom and personal integrity in the Russian Federation. Internauka. 2019;(36):55-68. (In Russ.)

7. Gracheva O.A., Likhodaev E.G. Conceptual problems of determining the subject of prosecutorial supervision over the observance of the rights and freedoms of citizens at the present stage. Vestnik ekonomiki, prava i sotsiologii = Bulletin of Economics, Law and Sociology. 2023;(4):161-176. (In Russ.)

8. Rogozhina S.G., Shcherbinina N.S. The problem of the practical implementation of prosecutorial supervision over the observance of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. Yuridicheskaya nauka = Legal Science. 2019;(10):89-99. (In Russ.)

9. Kirillov S.S. On some issues of prosecutorial supervision over the observance of the rights and freedoms of military personnel. Internauka. 2024;(2):16-21. (In Russ.)

10. Serebrennikova A.V. Prosecutor's supervision over the observance of the rights and freedoms of citizens and people: current issues. Iskusstvo pravovedeniya = The Art of Law. 2023;(1):36-43. (In Russ.)

11. Turkina N.D., Sukhanova A.A. Current problems of prosecutorial supervision over the observance of human and civil rights and freedoms. Pravoporyadok: istoriya, teoriya, praktika = Legal order: history, theory, practice. 2019;(3):75-90. (In Russ.)

12. Mineeva V.N., Paulov P.A. The problem of practical implementation of prosecutorial supervision over the observance of human and citizen rights and freedoms. Alleya nauki = Alley of Science. 2023;(11):443-450. (In Russ.)

13. Vishnevsky K.A. Selected problems of prosecutorial supervision over the observance of human rights and freedoms. Vestnik nauki = Bulletin of Science. 2023;(6):475-489. (In Russ.)

14. Islamova Z.I. Organization of prosecutorial supervision over the observance of human and citizen rights and freedoms. Uspekhi sovremennoi nauki i obrazovaniya = Advances in modern science and education. 2017;(4):87-93. (In Russ.)

15. Sattarova A.B. The role of prosecutorial supervision in the sphere of observance and protection of human and civil rights and freedoms. In: Perspektivy ispol'zovaniya tsifrovogo prostranstva znanii v nauke i obrazovanii: sbornik nauchnykh trudov = Prospects for the use of digital space of knowledge in science and education: collection of scientific papers. Kazan: SANTREM; 2023. P. 331-345. (In Russ.)

16. Zhanabergenov G.G. Problems of improving the theory and practice of prosecutorial supervision over the observance of human rights and freedoms in modern conditions. Vestnik nauki Yuzhnogo Kazakhstana = Bulletin of Science of South Kazakhstan. 2018;(1):199-209. (In Russ.)

17. Smolina A.A. Current problems of prosecutorial supervision over the observance of human and citizen rights and freedoms. Vestnik nauki = Bulletin of Science. 2023;(6):620-632. (In Russ.)