Relevance. The right of a citizen to an image as a personal non-property right is subject to absolute protection in accordance with Art. 152.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. In doctrine and in legal practice, there is no unity of opinion on the civil protection of the right to its image, including the legality of its use and promulgation by other persons, as well as the interpretation of the provisions of the relevant rule and the terminology available in it. In this regard, the work considers gaps in current legislation based on the scientific views of civil law experts and established judicial practice.
The purpose of the study is to supplement the theoretical provisions and legislative proposals aimed at deepening scientific knowledge about the protection of the right to the image of a citizen and the uniform application of Art. 152.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
Objectives: to analyze the scientific positions available in the theory of civil law and Russian judicial practice in cases on the protection of the right to portray a citizen; Identify and clarify existing legal gaps that impede its proper protection; update the previously formulated proposals of civilists to amend Art. 152.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
Methodology. The study was conducted using methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, formal-legal, system-analytical and logical methods.
The results of the study are formulated proposals for solving theoretical problems related to the application of Art. 152.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, and improving the current norm on the protection of human rights to the image in order to uniformly enforce it.
Conclusion. The study allows us to assert that the rule on the protection of the right to an image of a citizen requires refinement in terms of terminology, including the development of the definition of the image, the appearance of a person, the main object of use, places open for free visits, the form of expression of consent to the publication of one's image, and the elimination of other gaps requiring the attention of the legislator.

Relevance. The article analyzes the problems of civil law protection of human images. Despite the attention to this topic of the scientific community, in law enforcement practice there are many discussion issues related to the application of the provisions of Article 152.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on the protection of the right to image inviolability. The article sets out the results of the analysis of court decisions on claims for declaring the use of the image illegal, collecting funds and compensation for moral damage, on the protection of honor and dignity, courts in accordance with Art. 152.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, allowing to conclude that there are different approaches to assessing the same grounds for the illegality of using the image of a citizen.
The purpose of the study is to identify and clarify the grounds for the misuse of the image of a citizen, according to which the courts decide on the existence of a violation of the right to defend it.
Objectives: to analyze the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, leading explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, Russian judicial practice in cases on the protection of the right to an image of a citizen and to update the content of the grounds for the unlawful use of an image of a citizen that have developed in judicial practice.
Methodology. In the process of working on the study, dialectical-materialistic, formal-legal, system-analytical methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis were used.
The results of the study are applied in nature with elements of scientific novelty in the conclusions obtained and are aimed at improving the quality of law enforcement practice and achieving uniformity of decisions when considering claims for the protection of the right to inviolability of someone else's image.
Conclusion. The study makes it possible to assert that there was no uniform practice in cases of protecting the right to portray a citizen. The same basis for the misuse of someone else's image by the courts is interpreted in two ways, which requires clarification of such cases by the highest court.

Relevance. The article considers the problems of the subject of evidence in cases of protecting the privacy of a citizen in accordance with Art. 152.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The jurisprudence shows the shortcomings in the resolution of this category of cases related to the process of evidence, and in connection with this contradictory decisions and the formation of non-uniform judicial practice. In this regard, the study of the means of procedural protection of the right to protect human privacy becomes relevant.
The purpose of the study is to supplement the theoretical provisions aimed at deepening scientific knowledge about the protection of the right to privacy of a citizen, the subject of evidence in this category of cases for uniform application of Art. 152.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
Objectives: analyze the judicial practice in cases on the protection of the right to privacy of a citizen with the identification of the actual subject of evidence, scientific positions on this problem; Clarify the existing legal gaps preventing the proper protection of this right; update the previously formulated proposals regarding the subject of evidence in cases of this category.
Methodology. The study was conducted using methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, description, formal-legal, system-analytical and system-structural methods, as well as the method of analysis and generalization of judicial practice.
The results of the study were formulated proposals for solving theoretical and practical problems related to the peculiarities of the subject of evidence in cases of protecting the privacy of a citizen to improve the quality and achieve uniformity of decisions when considering claims for his protection.
Conclusion. The rule on the protection of the right to privacy of a citizen requires clarification in terms of terminology and the elimination of other gaps that require the attention of the legislator. To overcome the contradictory interpretation of the meaning of the article itself and the non-unity of judicial practice, it is necessary to explain the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in the terminology of Art. 152.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the mechanism for forming the subject of evidence.

Relevance. This article explores current employment status issues, in particular how the gig economy has influenced the labor market, as the gig economy and digital platform work have become hot topics, changing the format and experience of work for more and more people. Over the years, there has been an increase in the use of gig workers in Russia as well as abroad for several reasons, such as the changing nature of work, the availability of technology, and work preferences. We will start the article with the concepts of the gig economy, gig employment, and studying the reasons for the growth of gig work, after which we will consider possible areas of legal regulation of platform employment and the judicial practice of foreign countries in the field of gig employment.
The purpose of the article is to form a scientific approach to determining the legal status of employment in the context of the development of the gig economy.
Objectives: to identify the main areas of legal regulation of platform employment, to study foreign experience in determining the status of the self-employed.
Methodology. In the process of working on the study, such methods of scientific knowledge as general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.) and particular scientific (formal dogmatic) methods were used.
Results. In the course of the study, the legal consolidation of the status of a gig worker and providing it with minimal guarantees of social protection are substantiated.
Conclusion. The author substantiates the need to fix the concept of "independent performer" at the legislative level, determine the degree of control by digital platforms over the activities of independent performers. On the example of foreign experience, conclusions are drawn about the need to guarantee the gig worker social protection of his rights and freedoms in the process of carrying out his activities.

Relevance. The article considers the features of ways to protect honor, dignity and business reputation in accordance with Art. 152 "Protection of honor, dignity and business reputation" of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, practical and theoretical problems of their application. The positions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the established judicial practice and discussion issues of civil law theory are analyzed, changes are proposed to the revision of Art. 152 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation to eliminate existing gaps in the methods of protecting the indicated intangible benefits of a citizen.
The purpose of the study is to supplement the theoretical provisions aimed at deepening scientific knowledge on ways to protect honor, dignity and business reputation, and to develop legislative proposals for their effective implementation in accordance with Art. 152 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
Objectives: to analyze the decisions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and reviews of judicial practice, court decisions in specific cases on the protection of honor, dignity and business reputation, to identify gaps in the revision of Art. 152 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as to study and update the proposals available in the theory on its modernization.
Methodology. The article was prepared on the basis of methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, formal-legal, system-analytical and logical methods, as well as the method of analysis and generalization of judicial practice.
The results of the study are of a theoretical and applied nature and contain formulated proposals for solving problems related to the use of methods for protecting the honor, dignity and business reputation of a citizen.
Conclusion. The need to finalize Art. 152 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in terms of terminology used in the formulation of methods for protecting honor, dignity and business reputation and eliminating other gaps that require the attention of the legislator.

The relevance of the study is due to the inconsistency of the purpose of criminal proceedings formulated in Article 6 of the Code of Criminal Procedure with its goals set out in Article 297 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which can only be achieved through an adversarial form of criminal proceedings. This discrepancy creates problems of law enforcement, which in turn reduce the effectiveness of criminal proceedings in general.
The purpose is to study the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation regarding the possibility of a verdict in the case corresponding to Article 297 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation.
The objectives of the study are: the study of criminal procedural norms in their interaction for the possibility of achieving the result indicated in Article 297 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in criminal proceedings, as well as the analysis of various positions on this issue.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the method of dialectical scientific cognition; a systematic approach to the problem under consideration, a historical method, a formal logical method, etc.
Results. In the course of the research, the defects of the criminal procedure legislation were revealed in terms of its internal contradictions between the purpose, form and goals, which do not always allow a lawful, reasonable and fair sentence to be passed in the case.
Conclusion. The current criminal procedure legislation proceeds from different approaches to the concept of justice (as a means and an end). Meanwhile, justice as a means (the equivalence of the rights of the parties participating in criminal proceedings) in the adversarial process does not ensure the achievement of a fair decision in the case, and the purpose of criminal proceedings as its function does not allow achieving the goal of criminal proceedings, which generates problems of law enforcement, which in turn reduce the effectiveness of criminal proceedings as a whole.

Relevance. The protection of endangered and endangered species of animals and aquatic biological resources is a global task of ensuring environmental safety. Despite the efforts made, every year more and more new species of animals and aquatic biological resources are included in the categories of vulnerable, endangered, endangered and disappearing. The study of judicial and investigative practice indicates the presence of legal and technical shortcomings of the norm and problems associated with its application.
The purpose of the obtain new rationale for proposals aimed at overcoming the difficulties that arise when qualifying the illegal trafficking of especially valuable wild animals and aquatic biological resources using the Internet.
Objectives: to identify the problems of qualification of illegal trafficking of especially valuable wild animals and aquatic biological resources, committed using the Internet, to formulate proposals for improving domestic criminal legislation and law enforcement.
Methodology. The methodological base of the research is made up of general scientific and particular scientific methods of cognition of reality, such as analysis, synthesis, induction, formal-legal, abstract-logical and others.
Results. In the course of the study, judicial statistics data, law enforcement practice in cases of illegal trafficking in especially valuable wild animals and aquatic biological resources were analyzed, doctrinal sources and analytical materials were studied, and interviews were conducted with specialists.
Conclusions. The paper formulated and substantiated the following provisions: it is necessary to eliminate the duplicate differentiating meaning of the use of the information and telecommunication network "Internet" in the illegal circulation of especially valuable species of animals and aquatic biological resources; when determining the subject of a crime under Art. 258.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the genetic relevance of an individual to a particularly valuable animal should be taken into account; under Art. 258.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, appropriate actions should also be qualified in relation to especially valuable animals that were originally kept in captivity (with the exception of use for the purposes of reproduction, conservation of species, etc.).

Relevance. The participation of the prosecutor in the process of proving in the court of first instance, in many respects, makes it possible to ensure the objectivity of the consideration of a criminal case, to fill in the gaps in the preliminary investigation in court. The existing shortcomings in law enforcement, the imperfection of the criminal procedure law, in the part related to the topic of the study, necessitate further understanding of the problems of the public prosecution strategy in the process of proving, developing proposals to improve the efficiency of the prosecutor.
The purpose: based on the results obtained, to develop scientific provisions of theoretical and practical importance in order to improve the criminal procedure law and the practice of its application.
Objective: to disclose the content of the prosecutor's participation in the process of proving a criminal case in the court of first instance, to propose measures to improve the criminal procedure law and the procedural activities of the prosecutor, in part related to the topic of the study.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the provisions of the general scientific dialectical method of cognition of the surrounding reality. The authors used such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, as well as formal-logical, formal-legal methods of cognition, observation method and questionnaire.
Results. The state prosecutor participating in the court session is not just one of the parties, but acts on behalf of the state, which requires him to strictly comply with the requirements of a modern legislator, the ability to develop a strategy in a "dispute". The strategy should be based on a deep knowledge of the materials of the criminal case, the presentation of evidence in such a harmonized composition that allows the court to reasonably convince the prosecution of the position of the prosecution.
Conclusion. Maintaining public prosecution in court is one of the areas of activity of the prosecutor's office, which is significant not only from the standpoint of ensuring accurate, uniform application of the law, but also from the standpoint of achieving the objectives of criminal proceedings. It requires the prosecutor to demonstrate high professionalism, and further actions of the legislator towards creating an appropriate basis for the implementation of such activities.

Relevance. An element of the human rights system is the criminal procedure law, which allows to increase the degree of protection of the rights of persons in the field of criminal proceedings. The norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation specify a significant change in the attitude of the state towards the individual, however, many provisions of the law remain imperfect, which gives rise to cases of violation of individual rights in criminal proceedings, emphasizes the importance of studying the issues of legal regulation of guarantees of the admissibility and validity of the rejection of subjective law.
Purpose: the study of the problems of regulatory regulation of guarantees of the admissibility and validity of the rejection of subjective law, the development of proposals for further improvement of the criminal procedure law.
Objective: to study the totality of the norms of the criminal procedure law that enshrine the guarantees of the admissibility and validity of the waiver of the right, doctrinal sources, in the part related to the topic of the study.
Methodology. The basis of this research is a combination of the universal dialectical method of scientific cognition, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and private scientific methods of cognition, such as: formal-logical, formal-legal. The authors also used methods of studying social phenomena in their concrete manifestation in specific conditions of place and time: the study of documents, observation.
Results. A significant element in the hierarchical chain of the regulatory component, which forms the basis of guarantees of the admissibility and validity of the rejection of subjective law, is the criminal procedure law. Many of its provisions are aimed at ensuring the possibility of a person who has fallen into the sphere of criminal proceedings to express his will regarding the realization/non-realization of the benefits belonging to him. At the same time, the work of the legislator in this regard cannot be considered completed.
Conclusion. Improving the legal regulation of guarantees of the admissibility and validity of the rejection of subjective law will contribute to the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, correspond to the purpose of criminal proceedings.

Relevance. The article examines the main stages of the transformation of the legal model for initiating criminal cases on tax crimes, analyzes the changes introduced by Federal Law No. 51-FZ of 09.03.2022, returning a special “tax” reason to Article 140 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation and adjusting the procedure for considering reports about the crime of the group in question. The problematic issues in the field of interaction between the preliminary investigation bodies and tax authorities in the course of identifying tax crimes and collecting the necessary evidence of the taxpayer's guilt are summarized.
The purpose of this study is to study topical issues of improving the procedural form of receiving and verifying reports of crimes in the context of traditional approaches to tax administration.
Objectives: analysis of the updated norms of tax and criminal procedural legislation, conceptual theoretical provisions that reflect the existing problems and contradictions in the legal regulation of the "tax" reason, its use in criminal procedural proof at the initial stage of the criminal process; development of proposals for optimization of criminal procedure legislation.
Methodology. When writing the article, the method of legal modeling, as well as logical, statistical, historical, comparative legal and other methods were used.
Results. The results of the study demonstrate the problems of legal regulation of the new procedure for initiating a criminal case on a tax crime and made it possible to formulate proposals for its improvement.
Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, the author states a change in the legal model for initiating criminal prosecution of unscrupulous taxpayers, when the effectiveness of solving crimes is replaced by a risk-based approach in the field of detecting tax crimes. It demonstrates the lack of common views in the assessments of such innovations, taking into account the existing experience of applying such a procedure in 2011-2014, a contradictory understanding of the role of tax audit materials in shaping the reason and grounds for initiating a criminal case, which makes it difficult to successfully use the results of tax control in criminal procedural proof.

Relevance. Cyberterrorism is dangerous by its actions in all directions, however, one of the desired and priority targets for cybercriminals is precisely enterprises and organizations with large human, financial and other resources. To achieve their criminal goals in this direction, cybercriminals use the full power of modern digital scientific and technological achievements. It is relevant to study the current state of the practice of systematizing organizational and technical measures to counter cyber-terrorism against enterprises and organizations in order to further improve them, in particular, by clarifying their classification.
The purpose is to characterize the possibilities of applying a system of organizational and technical measures to counter terrorist cybercrimes on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Objectives: study the relevance, types and structure of organizational and technical measures to counter cybercrimes of a terrorist nature directed against enterprises and organizations, classify them depending on the frequency of application.
Methodology. The methodological base of the research is made up of general scientific and particular scientific methods of cognition of reality, which make it possible to investigate the content of organizational and technical measures to counteract cyberterrorism. Methods of analysis and synthesis, logical, system analysis were applied in the study.
Results. In the course of the study, the content of organizational and technical measures to counteract cyberterrorism in relation to enterprises and organizations was revealed, and their classification was carried out depending on the frequency of their implementation.
Conclusions. In countering cyberterrorism against enterprises and organizations, not only the content of the organizational and technical measures to counter cyberterrorism against enterprises and organizations, but also the frequency of their application is of great importance. The optimal classification of the main types of organizational and technical measures to counter cybercrimes of a terrorist nature in relation to enterprises and organizations, depending on the time of their application, is associated with the allocation of four groups of organizational and technical measures that ensure the continuity of countering threats.

Relevance. One of the most important tasks of the state at the present stage of development is to preserve the universally recognized achievements of the cultural and historical life of our ancestors. Respect for one's past is of particular importance for the formation of a national ethno-cultural identity. The Syrian legislation has a unique character in this part, where at the same time a criminal law norm and a norm of the Law on the Protection of Historical Monuments can be applied to the perpetrator. Despite the fact that the Law on the Protection of Historical Monuments is an integral part of criminal legislation, it defines the rights and obligations of both individuals and legal entities, specifies the powers of state bodies, i.e. performs not only a protective, but also a regulatory function. The ongoing armed conflict in Syria, when historical monuments are being destroyed, underlines the urgency of the study of protective legislation.
The purpose of this study is an in-depth characterization of the law on the protection of cultural and historical heritage monuments, the development of theoretical provisions and recommendations for improving the legislation of the protection law and protection of cultural and historical heritage monuments.
Objectives. These goals lead to the formulation and solution of the following tasks: to present the concept and types of objects of cultural and historical heritage; to determine the specifics of the legal regulation of the order of preservation of ancient monuments; to identify problems and propose ways to solve them in the field of regulation of the protective legislation of Syria of cultural heritage objects.
Methodology. In the course of the study, the subsequent methods were used: analytical, formal-legal, and abstraction methods, which make it possible to formulate the main conclusions.
Results. Proposals have been formulated that may be useful in the development of the Law on Antiquities.
Conclusion. The present study tackles issues such as the definition of ancient monuments, their types, the provisions on the right of ownership and some legal norms according to which these monuments are protected, as well as on the types of crimes committed against cultural heritage objects.

Relevance. The scientific periodization of past events is one of the most common results obtained in the course of historical research. At the same time, sometimes applicants make serious mistakes when formulating it. In this regard, consideration of the requirements for the establishment of scientific periodization and their illustration by a specific example seems relevant.
The purpose: of the article is to familiarize the professional community of historians with the experience of establishing scientific periodization of the subject of research on a specific example.
The objective of the article is to establish the periodization of the activities of the meteorological service to support the Air Force of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 and demonstrate by its example the practical application of the historical and genetic method.
Methodology. During the preparation of the article, methods peculiar to military-historical research were used. In particular, the historical-genetic method was used to establish the periods.
The result of the conducted research was the establishment of a scientific periodization of the activities of the meteorological service to provide the Air Force of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. In the process of work, the basic requirements for scientific periodization were taken into account. It is characterized by a unified approach to dividing the chronological framework into successive intervals, has a clearly formulated and theoretically justified basic criterion on the basis of which this division is performed, has clear boundaries between periods marked by significant events, and correlates with the periodization of a larger historical process. The identified periods are numbered, named, outlined chronologically and characterized. As a basic criterion, the subordination of the meteorological service of the Red Army Air Force was proposed.
Conclusion. It is established that modern historical science has the necessary methodological apparatus and clear ideas about the formulation of scientific periodization. Using the example of a specific subject of research, it was revealed that the key component of the success of periodization is the correct definition of the basic criterion.

Relevance. In the second half of the 19th century, there was a noticeable increase in the interest of citizens in museums, which is confirmed by the preserved historical documents. The plots presented in the article make it possible to understand the principles and directions of work of collectors in the cities of the Irkutsk province. As a result of the study of objects, the creation of art, ethnographic collections of museum funds, the research capabilities of scientists are expanding.
The purpose is to trace the process of organizing the work of collectors in the cities of the Irkutsk province to develop the museum space as a center of the scientific community in the second half of the 19th century.
Objectives: to identify documents from the collections of the archives of Irkutsk, which give an idea of the main stages in the formation of thematic areas of museum collections; follow the work of collectors as part of scientific teams in the creation and design of expositions and exhibition spaces; consider the areas of work of collectors in the acquisition of museum collections; determine the role of collectors in understanding the significance of museums for the development of Siberian society and the study of the region.
Methodology. When writing the article, the following are included: the principle of historicism, objectivity, scientific character, problem-chronological and historical-genetic methods.
Results. In the collections of the archives of Irkutsk there are documents that confirm the versatile work of collectors to maintain the museum business. In the second half of the 19th century, there was an increased interest of citizens in museums as scientific and educational centers for the study of the cultural and natural wealth of the region.
Conclusions. Collectors of the Irkutsk province unite in the process of holding events organized by various museum spaces. The involvement of many citizens in significant exhibition and educational projects confirms that the public participated in the creation of museums. An increased interest in the study of the region was manifested as a result of determining the importance of museums for the development of society. Documents about the museum at the East Siberian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society made it possible to restore the work of collectors.

Relevance. At present, the implementation of bilateral scientific cooperation programs between Japan and Russia is difficult due to the aggravated international situation. However, scientific contacts need to be developed, as they contribute to mutual understanding between the Russian and Japanese peoples, even under the condition of political differences. An appeal to the Soviet experience in the development of interaction between the USSR and Japan in the field of science will allow taking into account the accumulated experience, various forms and ways of establishing a bilateral scientific dialogue between countries at the present stage.
The purpose of the study is to determine the forms of Soviet-Japanese scientific interaction in the Soviet period.
Research objectives: to identify the contribution of government, public structures, and individuals to the development of Soviet-Japanese scientific ties, to study the mechanism of scientific interaction between the USSR and Japan.
Methodology. The comparative-historical and chronological methods were used in the work.
Results. The author traces the activities of governmental and public organizations of Japan and the USSR, the contribution of private companies and individual scientists to the development of Soviet-Japanese scientific ties. The activities of Japanese and Soviet universities to establish bilateral scientific exchange and book exchange have been studied.
Conclusion. During the Soviet period, book exchange became one of the forms of Soviet-Japanese scientific cooperation. An effective form of bilateral scientific cooperation has become direct contacts between scientists of the two countries at international scientific conferences and during visits of researchers to the USSR and Japan. The most intensively developing form of scientific interaction was scientific exchanges between Japanese and Soviet institutions. It should be noted the significant contribution of individual institutions and public organizations of the countries to the development of scientific bilateral relations. The factors stimulating the development of scientific exchanges were the study of Russian and Japanese languages, the conclusion of long-term cooperation agreements. In addition, scientific exchanges were significantly intensified by changes in the political and economic situation in the Soviet state in the second half of the 1980s.

Relevance. Until now, one of the main problems in the forest industry remains the problem of accounting and saving forests from destruction. Huge damage to forests is caused by illegal logging and fires. It is possible to take into account losses only if we have information about the area of forests growing in Russia. Today, the state is conducting the second stage of the state forest inventory program “Forestry Development” to identify the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Russian forests. Due to the significant amount of work, this stage will last until 2030 inclusive. At the same time, in the history of Russia there are examples of the implementation of programs for accounting for forest lands, the experience of which should be taken into account in the framework of optimizing the modern "forest" policy. In this regard, the presented article acquires special relevance and timeliness.
The purpose. Studying the experience of conducting statistical accounting of forest lands in Russia in the middle of the 19th century.
Objectives. Within the framework of the article, the following tasks are solved: to assess the reliability of statistical information on the area of forests available to the Forest Department at the time of the start of the implementation of the static accounting program; to identify the features of statistical accounting of forest lands in Russia in the middle of the 19th century; identify the obstacles that have arisen in the way of implementing the state program for accounting for the forests of the Russian Empire and assess their impact on the organization and results of accounting for forest resources.
Methodology. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, determinism and objectivity. The article carried out a comprehensive analysis of archival documents and published sources, used the methods of statistics and data comparison, synthesis. The results obtained are based on historical sources.
Results. В 1860-х гг. данные о количестве и качестве лесов европейской части Российской империи, несмотря на наличие значительных трудностей, были собраны Министерством государственных имуществ по всем губерниям. Сведения были опубликованы в журнале министерства.
Conclusion. The implementation of the program of statistical description of forests and the forest industry in the provinces of the European part of the Russian Empire was in itself an innovation. From the time of Catherine II to the 60s. 19th century In the state, an inventory of forest lands has never been carried out. Thus, the program of statistical description of the forests of the provinces of the European part of Russia, launched by the Ministry of State Property at the end of 1858, was the first attempt to obtain reliable information about the area of Russian forests.

The relevance of the scientific article is due to the current state of affairs in the Russian school, which actively prepares students to pass the standards for the "GTO" program. At the same time, undoubtedly an important component today is the staffing of a modern school with appropriate specialists. In this connection, the appeal to historical experience in the field of physical education work with schoolchildren in the pre-war years is certainly relevant and useful.
The purpose of the research is to reveal the problems of staffing physical education work in schools of the Kursk Region in the period from 1918 to 1940 of the twentieth century.
Objectives: to identify the main problems of staffing physical education work in schools of the Kursk Region in the designated period of time and to trace the main directions in solving this issue.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the research was the main methods of historical science: the principles of historicism and objectivity; analytical, comparative – historical, historical-chronological, historical-genetic methods.
Results. The problems faced by the Soviet school during its formation are associated with an acute shortage of qualified personnel, in particular in physical education work. In order to fill the "niche" assigned to the physical education teacher in the school team and physical education lessons, people with little knowledge in pedagogy and physical education were allowed to conduct classes. So in some schools, physical education classes were conducted by former officers, warrant officers, teachers of other subjects. The personnel problem was also associated with a large turnover of personnel from the composition of physical education instructors. In addition, classes were conducted according to the old methodology, which did not meet the requirements of the new time.
Conclusions. The specifics of staffing problems are related to the shortage of physical education teachers, staff turnover, outdated methods of teaching physical education at school. The main direction in solving the staffing of physical education work in the schools of the Kursk Region in 1918 – 1940 of the twentieth century was the organization of advanced training courses for physical education teachers.

Relevance. The relevance of studying the phenomenon of Soviet mass song is currently increasing due to special attention to educational work, to the formation of an active civic position among modern youth. This genre is not only a sign of the era, but also clearly reflects the spiritual, moral, patriotic values of Russian society.
The purpose of this article is consideration of the stages of formation of the Soviet mass song genre in the 1920-1940s.
Research objectives to consider the formation and development of the Soviet mass song genre in the 1920-1940s; to identify the influence of the main events of national history that influenced the evolution of this genre.
Methodology. The work uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of information, as well as a set of methods of historical-cultural, problem-chronological nature; the analysis of the means of musical expressiveness and genre and stylistic features of the subject of research was applied.
Results. The social structure of society, which changed after the October Revolution of 1917, required changes in the country's cultural policy. The desire to "throw Pushkin off the ship of modernity" and build a new world led to the emergence and flourishing of the Soviet mass song genre. The concept of “mass song” was filled with new content at different stages of development: in the 1920s, arrangements of revolutionary songs for the choir were among the leading directions in composer creativity. The practice of composing a new text to an already existing melody was widespread. After the end of the civil war, modern dance rhythms penetrate the mass song, against which a largescale campaign is unfolding in society. In the prewar years, this genre reflected the themes of socialist construction, memories of historical events and bright hopes. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the task facing the artists was determined by the need to help the people survive, raise their fighting spirit, and strengthen patriotic feelings.
Conclusion. The Soviet mass song has become an expression of the values and needs of the era and a real documentary evidence of its time.