Relevance. The attitude to the violation of the rights of the Russian-speaking population in Ukraine is one of the most relevant examples of the policy of double standards of the international human rights field for the modern Russian Federation, which requires a theoretical and practical response from both the Russian and international human rights communities.
The purpose is to investigate the contradictions in the modern theory and practice of international legal protection of the Russian-speaking population in Ukraine and possible ways to resolve the conflict based on the implementation of legal protection of group rights (third generation of human rights) of the Russian-speaking population.
Objectives: to show the contradictions in modern theory and problems in international practice of protecting the linguistic and cultural rights of the Russian-speaking population in the post-Soviet space; to consider the moral and legal aspects of protecting the Russian-speaking minority in Ukraine in the context of the concept of group (collective) rights; to point out the possibility of using methods based on the theory of the third generation of human rights to protect the Russian-speaking population in Ukraine and to overcome a long non-international military conflict in the region.
The research methodology includes the general principles of scientific cognition: objectivity, consistency, historicity, as well as private research methods in the field of the science of law.
The results of the study consist in proposals for more active implementation of the policy of legal protection of the Russian-speaking population within the framework of the theory of the third generation of human rights (group rights).
Conclusions. As a result of the study, it is shown that theoretical justifications of group (collective) rights or rights of the third generation can and should become the basis for a more objective and broad field of application of legal remedies, including the Russian-speaking population in Ukraine and in the post-Soviet space and abroad as a whole.

Relevance. Despite the widespread use in civil circulation of the civil law structure of the preliminary contract and the attention to it from the scientific community, in law enforcement practice there are many controversial issues related to the application of this structure. The article presents the results of a study of the complex of legal relations that emerge upon the conclusion of a preliminary contract. The author qualifies these legal relationships as organizational obligations, reveals in their content mutual subjective civil rights and obligations. The fulfillment of these obligations is due to demand, but the new provisions of the legislation governing the conditional performance of obligations turned out to be worked out to a lesser extent than the conditional performance of obligations based on the preliminary agreement.
The purpose of the study is an attempt to formulate new scientific provisions based on an in-depth analysis of the provisions of the current legislation concerning the conclusion and execution of a preliminary contract.
Objectives: identify and study the specifics of legal relations that develop in the process of concluding a preliminary contract, give them scientific qualifications, analyze the norms of the current legislation and determine the directions of its development.
Methodology. In the study there were used the dialectical-materialistic method, the system method, the methods of analysis and synthesis, and the formal-legal method.
The results the research is of a theoretical and applied nature and is aimed at improving the quality of law enforcement practice and improving legislation.
Conclusions. The author, on the basis of the analysis, comes to the conclusion that as a result of the conclusion of a preliminary contract, an obligation arises with conditional performance, the conclusion of a preliminary contract regarding a real contract does not contradict the current legislation, although it has features in terms of the consequences of failure to fulfill the main obligation.

Relevance. This article discusses the current issues of the transformation of the mechanism for the implementation of rights in relation to digital currencies. It is noted that the digital transformation of all spheres of public life makes it necessary to develop a more flexible concept of mechanisms for the implementation of rights, which differs depending on the object of their application.
The purpose of the article is to identify the key features inherent in the mechanism of exercising rights in relation to digital currency.
The objectives of the research are the analysis of the mechanism of realization of rights in relation to digital currency, as well as the disclosure of the main problematic issues related to the understanding of the essence and development of legal means that ensure the process of adapting legislative regulation to the features and properties of digital currency as a relatively new object of civil law.
Methodology. The dialectical and comparative legal methods were used as the methodological basis of the study. The methods of analysis and synthesis allowed us to consider the aspects of the concept and content of the mechanism for the implementation of rights.
The results of the study allowed us to draw certain conclusions regarding the features of the mechanism for the implementation of rights to digital currencies, including a different ratio of legal means and a special place in it of extra-legal elements.
Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were formulated regarding the need to develop a more flexible concept of legal mechanisms. The author's vision was proposed regarding the correlation of the constituent elements of the mechanism for the implementation of rights in relation to digital currencies as a result of the decline in the role and importance of the latter positive law, and the predominant role of public relations, acting as the main, rather than auxiliary, means within such a mechanism. It is noted that this mechanism is of a transitional nature, which leads to the discovery of contradictions between the classical legal concepts of "legal personality", freedom of will, the correspondence of the will to the expression of will, and those formalized requirements imposed by the system of distributed access to the actions of the subject.

Relevance. However the current civil law doctrine and legislation based on it does not usually take into account the need for a special approach to the cases of realization and protection of rights on a collective basis. Currently the legislation of the Russian Federation defines the basis for the implementation of the so-called collective management of proprietary copyright and related rights, but the activity of organizations, which should carry out such management, is assumed to be aimed exclusively at collecting, distributing and paying remuneration without taking into account the need to solve the related problems of rights protection, accounting works and rights holders, helping them to formalize their rights.
The purpose of the research is to develop theoretical provisions defining the features of the legal regulation of the activities of organizations engaged in the realization and protection of copyright and related rights, including on a collective basis.
Objectives: to identify the features of the legal regulation of the activities of organizations engaged in the realization and protection of copyright and related rights; to identify the main problems associated with the implementation of statutory activities of such organizations; to identify areas for further development of the legal regulation of the issues under consideration.
Methodology. The author used dialectical-materialistic method, systematic method, methods of analysis and synthesis, formal-legal method.
The results of the research are The results of the study are of theoretical and applied nature and are aimed at improving the quality of legal regulation of civil legal relations.
The conclusions, made in the article, have the debatable character, directed to the continuation of research in the framework of the declared subject, directed to the development of basic principles, allowing a uniform way to solve the problems associated with legal regulation of organizations, implementing and protection of copyright and related rights, including the collective basis. The article is a continuation of the author's research on the issues related to the implementation and protection of copyright and related rights in the current environment.

Relevance. The current lack of a holistic scientific understanding of family entrepreneurship as a special legal phenomenon is due to the lack of scientific research on this topic, the lack of consistency in their implementation. The lack of coherent doctrinal approaches, in turn, leads to the fact that legislative regulation on issues related to family entrepreneurship is developing in a non-systematic way, within the framework of individual legislative acts, without taking into account the specifics of existing problems and gaps in legal regulation. The science of civil law reveals a number of inconsistencies between the approaches to the regulation of entrepreneurial activity and the regulation of family legal relations. This necessitates the development of a holistic scientific understanding of family entrepreneurship as a special legal phenomenon.
The purpose of the research is to develop theoretical provisions aimed at creating a holistic scientific understanding of family entrepreneurship as a special legal phenomenon, taking into account the peculiarities of entrepreneurial activity with the participation of family members, the need to protect the rights of participants of such activities and third parties.
Objectives: to determine the totality of features of family entrepreneurship as a special legal phenomenon; to determine the features of the balance of interests in the conduct of business in the form of family business; to identify areas for further development of legal regulation of the issues under consideration.
Methodology. In carrying out this study, the dialectical-materialistic method, the systematic method, methods of analysis and synthesis, the formal-legal method were applied.
The results of the research are of a theoretical and applied nature and are aimed at improving the quality of legal regulation of civil legal relations.
The conclusions made in the article are of debatable character, are aimed at continuing research in the framework of the declared subject, at developing basic principles that allow to solve problems related to family entrepreneurship in a uniform way. The article is a continuation of the author's research on the topic under consideration.

Relevance. In the corporate agreement that participants of a business company have the most accurate reflection of their agreed decisions on issues related to the order and conditions of disposal of the most valuable assets of the company, including exclusive rights to the results of intellectual activity, which belong to the company or will appear to it in the future taking into account the dynamics of civil legal relations, including those associated with the creation and use of such results.
The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical provisions capable of improving the legal regulation of issues related to the conclusion and execution of corporate agreements by participants of business companies, strengthening the ability of participants to monitor compliance with the agreed parties to corporate relations order and conditions of decision-making on the management of the economic society, as well as the company's property and intangible assets, including exclusive rights to works and other results of intellectual activity, belonging to the economic society.
Objectives: identify the problems associated with the features of legal regulation of corporate agreements in domestic law, including with regard to the right of control over the disposal of property and intangible assets owned by such companies; to determine the directions of further development of legal regulation of the issues under consideration.
Methodology. The dialectical-materialistic method, systematic method, methods of analysis and synthesis, formal-legal method were used.
The results of the research are theoretical and applied character and are aimed at improving the quality of legal regulation of civil relations.
The conclusions made in the article are of a discussion nature, aimed at continuing research in the framework of the stated topic, the development of basic principles that allow a uniform way to solve problems associated with the conclusion and execution of corporate contracts, including issues related to the use 6of works and other objects of intellectual rights. The article is a continuation of scientific research of the author on the issues addressed in it.

Relevance. In this work, the author examines the history of the formation of consumer protection legislation in accordance with the socio-economic circumstances in Vietnam in general and civil circulation in particular. Consumers are involved in civil circulation as subjects of civil law, however, they are considered a "weaker side" in relation to the counterparty. Consequently, the formation of a special legal mechanism is extremely necessary to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.
The aim of this work is to study the genesis and development of the legal institution for consumer protection in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
The objectives of the study are to analyze important innovations in the 2010 Consumer Protection Act compared to the previous 1999 Consumer Protection Ordinance; define the concept of "consumer" under the laws of Vietnam and other countries, thereby establishing the most complete and clear definition of "consumer".
Methodology. In the process of research, the author used general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction) and special methods (comparative legal, descriptive, historical method, etc.).
Results. Vietnamese consumer protection legislation establishes the relatively complete legal status of these participants in civil law relations, including their fundamental rights in accordance with UN guidelines, manufacturer's liability for violation of consumer rights and measures to ensure a legal mechanism for resolving disputes with consumers.
Conclusion. Consumer protection is currently a fairly important institution in Vietnam, which is strictly regulated by regulatory legal acts and guaranteed by the state and its competent authorities. However, the concept of "consumer" should be clearly defined and consistent with the development of consumer relations in the modern market.

Relevance. For many years in the Russian Federation there has been a steady growth in mortgage lending, which makes it especially important to find ways to improve the legal regulation of mortgage legal relations on the basis of analysis of domestic and foreign experience in this area. Mortgage lending is the most important source of funds for purchasing real estate by citizens of the Russian Federation and foreign countries. In this connection, legal regulation of relations connected with such lending requires continuous development based on a balanced consideration of the interests of debtors and creditors as participants in mortgage legal relations. The analysis of foreign experience in the regulation of mortgage legal relations, including the experience accumulated and fixed in the German legislation, is most important for the solution of this problem.
The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical provisions aimed at improving the legal regulation of mortgage legal relations in order to protect the rights of their participants.
Objectives: to reveal features of legal regulation of relations connected with granting mortgage loans and protection of rights of their recipients in German legislation; to investigate features of providing balance of interests of mortgage debtors and creditors in German legislation; to determine directions of further development of legal regulation of the considered questions.
Methodology. The author relied on the dialectical-materialistic method, the systematic method, methods of analysis and synthesis, the formal-legal method.
The results of the research are are of theoretical and applied nature and are aimed at improving the quality of legal regulation of civil relations.
Conclusions. The conclusions made in the article are of debatable character, directed to the continuation of researches within the framework of the declared subject, directed to the development of the basic principles allowing uniformly to solve the problems connected with development of legal regulation of questions of mortgage crediting in the Russian Federation taking into account foreign experience. The article is a continuation of the author's research on the issues related to the legal regulation of mortgage lending in the Russian Federation and abroad.

Relevance. One of the basic approaches for civil law is to allow the injured party to claim full compensation for the harm caused and the losses incurred. The widespread use of this approach is based on universal ideas about the reasonableness and fairness of full compensation to the injured party for the diminution of its property sphere at the expense of the offender or other harm-doer. Compensation of damages, directly related to the implementation of the principle of compensation for harm, plays a crucial role among all the means of protection of subjective civil rights specified in the list given in article 12 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical provisions defining the specifics of implementation of the principle of full compensation for damages at the current stage of development of market economy and social relations in the Russian Federation.
Objectives: to identify the problems associated with the implementation of the principle of full compensation for harm in the civil law of the Russian Federation; ; to determine the features of the balance of interests in the recovery of compensation and other cases of compensation for harm caused; to determine the directions of further development of legal regulation of the issues under consideration.
Methodology. When writing the work, dialectical-materialistic method, systematic method, methods of analysis and synthesis, formal-legal method were used.
The results of the research are of a theoretical and applied nature and are aimed at improving the quality of legal regulation of civil legal relations.
The conclusions made in the article are of debatable character, are aimed at continuing of researches in the framework of the stated theme, are aimed at development of the main principles that allow to solve in a unified way the problems connected with realization of the rights to full compensation of damage to the injured party at the expense of its causer. The article is a continuation of scientific studies of the author on issues related to the problems of civil liability.

Relevance. Medical measures are currently not applied to persons who have committed a criminal offense, along with criminal penalties that are not related to isolation from society, due to the lack of clear legislative regulation of legal norms, as well as the contradictions of criminal and penal enforcement legislation in this part.
The purpose it consists in identifying the features of the use of medical measures combined with punishments without isolation from society and in developing relevant proposals for improving the current legislation in this part.
Objectives: to study the Russian legislation in terms of regulating the features of the use of medical measures, combined with punishments without isolation from society; to develop relevant proposals for improving the legislation in this part.
Methodology. The work uses a set of traditional research methods. The methodology is based on the universal dialectical cognitive method. Besides, the authors used general scientific research methods: logical method, analysis and synthesis, which together ensures compliance with the universal principles of scientific knowledge.
Results. The features of PMMX connected with punishments without isolation from society are investigated, gaps, contradictions of the criminal and criminal – executive legislation of the Russian state are revealed, on the basis of which actual proposals for improving the legislation in this part are developed.
Conclusion. The use of PMMX along with criminal punishment, in law enforcement activities, causes a number of problems, especially this is associated with criminal penalties that are not related to isolation from society, which is why there is no law enforcement practice for the application of PMMX to convicted persons along with criminal penalties that are not related to isolation from society. In this connection, there is a need to improve the criminal and penal enforcement legislation.

Relevance. Given that mental illnesses, as it is commonly believed, are negative factors in the development of society, the state takes not inconclusive steps to contain such diseases and at the same time gets rid of already diagnosed cases by applying various methods of treatment and prevention. Taking into account that every year measures of criminal-legal influence without isolation from society are prescribed in more than 70 % of cases of convictions, the question of combining them with the treatment of persons diagnosed with mental illness is simply necessary. In the scientific community, it has been repeatedly discussed and the conclusions were approximately the same that the person committing the crime is more likely to have signs of "deviant" behavior, which indicates that it is necessary to at least diagnose it. As has been repeatedly discussed and, in fact, has become an axiom – the presence of a mental illness in a person increases the likelihood of committing an illegal act.
The purpose of the study is to form scientific ideas about the processes of combining medical coercive measures with non-isolation punishments.
Objectives: to study the provisions of judicial practice; to identify the problems of correlation of medical measures with punishments without isolation from society and their implementation; to formulate proposals to resolve these legal gaps.
Methodology. In the process of working on the research, both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis) and methods of legal science (formal legal, comparative legal) were used.
The results of the study are a proposal to significantly supplement the theory of the institution of compulsory medical measures in particular and criminal law measures in general.
Conclusions. The conducted research allowed us to assert that it is necessary to impose a duty on a convicted person, if there are sufficient grounds, to undergo treatment for a mental illness. In addition, it is necessary to introduce responsibility in the criminal law for evading the performance of such a duty, while at the same time designating the subject of control over the performance.

The relevance of the research is due to the existing contradictions between the theoretical model of adversarial nature and the practice of its implementation in the criminal procedure of Russia. The legislative regulation of this principle does not allow us to say that it is effective in the course of practical activity.
The purpose of the research is to consider the operation of the principle of adversarial nature at various stages of the criminal procedure, as well as the theoretical concepts of its strengthening in the criminal procedure.
The objectives of the research: to conduct a retrospective research of the implementation of the principle of competition in the criminal procedure of Russia, to consider various approaches to the definition of competition, to analyze proposals for strengthening competition in the criminal procedure of Russia.
Methodology. Methodological basis of research is a general scientific dialectical method as a method of scientific knowledge; a systematic approach to the problem, historical method, formal-logical method, etc.
Results. The strengths and weaknesses of the adversarial criminal procedure were identified, the possibility of introducing a lawyer's investigation, reviving the institute of investigative judges, creating a special court apparatus to ensure the independence of judges was considered.
Conclusion. The existing criminal procedure system has long been formed in the conditions of authoritarian state power, which has left its mark on the operation of the principle of competition in the criminal procedure of Russia. Its manifestation to a greater extent at the trial stage is due to the presence only at this stage of an independent subject in the form of a judge, who can provide equal opportunities for the prosecution and the defense to participate in the consideration of a criminal case. In addition, there is no conceptual contradiction to the principle of competition in the fact that the presiding judge can act actively because the law imposes on him responsibility for the justice of the sentence. At the pre-trial stages, there is no such independent body, although it is necessary for the objective establishment of all the circumstances of the incident.

Relevance. The rejection of subjective law as a form of manifestation of dispositivity is a new category for the Russian criminal procedure doctrine, the study of which is impossible without a thorough understanding of the prerequisites for its occurrence, taking into account specific historical conditions. The study of the evolution of the legislative regulation of the rejection of subjective law allows us to trace how many steps forward the Russian legislator has made on the way to providing participants in criminal proceedings with the opportunity to protect their rights and interests, what adjustments the current state of criminal proceedings requires.
The purpose of the research is to gain knowledge about the stages of the origin of the phenomenon of rejection of subjective law, the creation of theoretical prerequisites for further research of its legal nature, forms and methods of implementation, the development of improving the mechanism of legal regulation.
Objectives: based on the analysis of the provisions of the criminal procedure law of the Soviet and post-Soviet period, to investigate the process of the origin of the rejection of subjective law in the criminal process of Russia, to identify the impact of political and socio-economic transformations on its development.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the provisions of the general scientific dialectical method of cognition of the surrounding reality in its connection and interaction, the general scientific system approach. In the course of the work, formal legal and historical methods were used.
Results. The criminal process of modern Russia, unlike the one that existed earlier, is built in accordance with the constitutional provision on the priority of individual rights. The phenomenon of rejection of subjective law occupies an important place in the system of guarantees for ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings.
Conclusion. The fundamental transformations that took place in Russia at the end of the last century in political and public life naturally affected the entire legal system and, among other things, had a great impact on the sphere of criminal proceedings. Dispositivity has become one of the key legal ideas, and the rejection of subjective law, as a form of its manifestation, has taken its due place in the system of regulation of criminal procedural relations.

Relevance. The rejection of subjective law is a phenomenon little studied in modern criminal procedure doctrine, as a result of which the question of the forms of behavior of participants in criminal proceedings, which determine the possibility of its implementation, remains unresolved. The definition of behavioral boundaries has both theoretical and practical significance: it contributes both to the enrichment of criminal procedure science, ensuring the proper level of legal protection of the individual in the field of criminal procedure relations, and acts as one of the guarantors of proper law enforcement.
The purpose of the study is to develop an author's approach to determining the possibility of renouncing the right through the unlawful behavior of a person who has fallen into the sphere of criminal proceedings and its legal consequences.
Objectives: to study doctrinal sources and judicial practice in order to establish the possibility of realizing the rejection of subjective law through both lawful and unlawful behavior; to identify the types of legal consequences of the rejection of subjective law, depending on the forms of behavior of a participant in criminal proceedings.
Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the provisions of the general scientific dialectical method of cognition of the surrounding reality in its connection and interaction, the general scientific systematic approach. In the course of the work, formal legal, comparative methods and the method of observation were used.
Results. The conclusion is formulated that the rejection of the subjective right is possible only in the form of lawful behavior. Based on the author's vision of the nature of the behavior of a participant in criminal proceedings, which may underlie the rejection of subjective law, the concept of "criminal procedural punishment" is developed, its characteristics are given.
Conclusion. The waiver of the right is possible only on condition that the behavior of the participant in the criminal proceedings is lawful. Illegal behavior, expressed in the form of committing actions that violate the normal course of legal proceedings, naturally entails the reaction of the state in the form of depriving a citizen of his subjective right, which should be called "criminal procedural punishment".

The relevance of the research topic is justified by the need to form a comprehensive understanding of the essence and content of modern economic relations and the role of state policy in their regulation, as well as the implementation of modern economic policy of the state, taking into account the existing system of state management of the economic sphere.
The purpose of the study is to analyze and generalize the experience of modern Russian political scientists in the latest research areas in modern Russian political science using the example of economic political science.
Objectives substantiation of the relevance of the development of economic political science as the most important, newest direction in the development of modern Russian political science; analysis of the positions of Russian scientists, representatives of political science regarding the subject of economic political science as a science and academic discipline; analysis of the state of representation of areas of training in economic political science, the discipline "Economic political science" in Russian educational institutions of higher education; justification of the need to introduce the discipline "Economic Political Science" for students of training areas in political science, public administration and economics
The research methodology is based on the author's approach, the author's hypothesis about the lack of political and economic research in modern Russian political science. The methods used are general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of information, as well as political science and economic analysis.
Results. The urgency of the development of economic political science as the most important, newest direction of development of modern Russian political science and the need to introduce the discipline "Economic political science" for students of training areas in political science, public administration and economics are substantiated. The analysis of the positions of Russian scientists, representatives of political science regarding the subject of economic political science as a science and academic discipline is carried out.
Conclusion. The study made it possible to conclude that it is necessary to develop the direction of political and economic research in accordance with the provisions enshrined at the level of the order of the Ministry of Science and Education No. 118.

Relevance. Export of American political narratives and principles produces the design of certain meaningful components of the US foreign policy agenda and order of its realization with regard to the specificity of interaction with other political actors in the context of American political tradition. Within the framework of current processes and existing procedures of interstate interaction in Post-Soviet space the US political elite is formulating the arsenal of tools and techniques of realization of stated goals and tasks that means appeal to the next concepts.
Purpose. The main purpose of this article is to formulate scenarios of realization of the US foreign policy agenda in Post-Soviet space in the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the period of D. Trump's presidency.
Objectives: formulation of directions of interaction between the Unites States and the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the period of D. Trump's presidency, reveal of specific of D. Trump's presidency in the context of realization of the US foreign policy agenda in the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Methodology. The author mainly used the following group of methods in the process of writing this article: information analysis, content analysis and event analysis, multifactor analysis.
Results. The author identifies reasonability of formulation the key scenarios of realization of the US foreign policy agenda in Post-Soviet space from experience of interaction between the Unites States and the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the period of D. Trump's presidency with regard to the declared problematic.
Conclusion. The period of D. Trump's presidency is characterized by revision of some traditional concepts in terms of compliance with the central categories of American foreign political practice and correction of the US foreign policy agenda in Post-Soviet Space in the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the direction of intensification of cooperation on specific issues of financial and economic development.

Relevance. In modern society, migration issues are closely related to security. The dynamics of the migration crisis in the context of Central African countries reflects civil wars, political and economic instability, hunger, massacres, impoverishment, and in addition to these, the phenomenon of terrorist threats has appeared.
Purpose. The purpose of this article is to highlight situations with internal migration, aspects of the geopolitics of insecurity, threats, and security restrictions. The authors also analyze the link between security and migration.
Objectives. Obtain more information on the properties of the compared phenomena and examine the direct and indirect relationship between migration and security in Central Africa.
Methodology. To find out the reasons for the existing difficulties, set goals, develop methods and options for eliminating problems, a system analysis was used. And the authors used the method of comparative analysis to obtain added information about the properties of the compared phenomena, about their direct and indirect relationships and, about the general trend of their functioning and development.
Results. According to researchers, in recent years, the relationship between migration and security has been of different nature. We can consider the problem of the security of African communities, societies and states affected by various problems of migration flows, and we can also consider the security aspect of African migrants in Central African countries.
Conclusions. The African continent has now fully entered economic globalization and the international community, and it would be inevitable to question this statement in the name of preserving political, economic difficulties, security, migration, and refugees. The AU is in fact moving towards greater liberalization of intra-African movement, in a critical spirit of the European approach. The increasingly growing intra-African migratory movements are mainly and very often regional.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to reflect the process of functioning and reproduction of traditional legal culture in the USSR in the humanities, as well as the importance of an adequate academic understanding of the spiritual world of the "Soviet person".
The purpose of the paper is understanding the phenomenon of mass involvement of Soviet pupils (schoolchildren, students of colleges and universities) in Orthodox practices in the 1940s-1960s.
Objectives: analysis of the the extent of the spread of Orthodox practices among Soviet youth in the post-war decades; studying the forms of participation of schoolchildren and students in the church life of the period under review; identification of the degree of stability of these forms in conditions of state opposition to the development of confessional culture.
Methods. The main methods that were used in the course of the research were historical-analytical, historicalgenetic and historical-statistical methods, as well as elements of micro-historical analysis.
Results. The paper shows that the degree of familiarization of Soviet pupils with Orthodox practices in the 1940s-1960s was significantly higher than Soviet propaganda tried to imagine. Church services were attended not only by representatives of the older generation, in the post-war decades they were actively attended by school-age children and students. In places where was a clear shortage of Orthodox priests and churches, young people were involved in spontaneous practices of a folk worship.
Conclusions. The paper concludes that the main moments of the transfer of confessional traditions to children and young people in the USSR were religious holidays, primarily Christmas, Epiphany, Easter. The Day of Knowledge also had a religious dimension for some schoolchildren. State policy had a significant impact on the forms of introducing children and young people to church life. The anti-religious actions of the authorities reduced the level of pupils' presence in the public church space, but did not destroy the interest of young people in Orthodox culture. An important role in maintaining this interest was played by the semi-patriarchal way of life that persisted in many Soviet families in the post-war decades.

Relevance. Currently, the charity of the families of the lower ranks called up for mobilization during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 is a poorly studied topic in Russian historical science. This article is intended to identify and summarize the complaints of the peasants of the Voronezh province about the illegal, in their opinion, activities of the county zemstvos when assigning payments to their families that are required by law.
The purpose of the study is to consider the reasons for rejecting applications for assigning food allowances to families of lower ranks.
The objectives is to study the practical application of the "Temporary Rules on the recognition of families of reserve ranks and soldiers of the state militia called up for service in wartime" on the territory of the Voronezh province.
Metodology. The methodological basis of the research is general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical methods (system and comparative historical method).
Results. The first mass application of the "Temporary Rules..." of June 25, 1877 occurred in the Russian Empire during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. Then, due to the system of private mobilization, spare senior service members who had large families were called up to the army. Local funds, which were supposed to compensate for the absence of the head of the family and the breadwinner, were usually not enough for the family of the lower rank. Therefore, the local authorities sought to interpret the provisions of the law in their own way, which led to a mass of complaints about the actions of the county zemstvos.
Conclusions. When assigning a food allowance to the families of the mobilized lower ranks, the district zemstvos of the Voronezh province often sought to reduce the number of people being looked after, which caused protest moods among the soldiers and dissatisfaction with the actions of the Zemstvo from the lower ranks.

Relevance. Several major reforms were carried out in the forestry law of Russia in a short period of time. None of them gave a positive result. At the moment, the state has set itself the goal of developing a new concept of forest management and use of forest resources. The use of the relevant experience accumulated by domestic jurisprudence seems appropriate and even necessary.
The Purpose. To study the dominant theoretical concepts in the works of Russian legal scholars of the historical period under consideration, as well as their views on the formation and development of legislation regulating forest management in Russia.
Objectives: analysis of research in the field of forest law, published in the 19th - early 20th centuries; assessment of the degree of study of the problem of legal regulation of forest use.
Methodology. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach. The comparative-historical method is used, makes it possible to investigate the available sources in close connection with the and the method of logical analysis.
Results. The first scientific works in the field of Russian forest law research appeared in the first half of the 19th century. Since that time, the development of legal concepts for the use of forest resources on the basis of the principle of continuity continued until 1917, when new approaches to the state structure radically changed the direction of development of forestry law.
Conclusion. During the XIX - early XX centuries. Russian science has gone from a simple description of the facts of the formation and development of legislation in the field of forest resources use to a theoretical substantiation of the state forest policy. Research of foresters and jurists of the XIX - early XX centuries. have not lost their relevance to this day and can be used to improve the legal mechanism for the rational use of forests in modern Russia.

The relevance of the article lies in the analysis of archival documents that reveal the life and work of M. D. Butin (1835-1907), the history of the creation of an art collection in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The presented materials have not been published or analyzed by domestic researchers. The work confirms that M. D. Butin participated in creating favorable conditions for acquaintance of residents with objects of art. The study allows to reveal the meaningful side of artistic events in the cities of Baikal Siberia.
The purpose of the work is to determine the role of M. D. Butin in introducing the inhabitants of Baikal Siberia to art in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
The objectives of this work are: on the basis of documents from the State Archives of the Irkutsk region to analyze articles and notes in city newspapers, posters, announcements about the life and work of M. D. Butin; to highlight the difficulties and peculiarities in the process of creating an art collection of the Nerchinsk merchant.
Methodology. The article is based on the principles of historicism, consistency and scientific objectivity. Historical-genetic and problem-chronological methods are used.
Results. The study, based on the materials of the State Archives of the Irkutsk Region, reconstructs the history of the creation of the art collection of M. D. Butin in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. It was noted that Mikhail Dmitrievich supported the activities of public organizations, scientific expeditions, art exhibitions and other educational events in the region.
Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was proved that the activities of M. D. Butin influenced the process of familiarizing residents with art objects in Baikal Siberia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The article analyzes the content of previously unexplored historical sources, which makes it possible to consider the social activities of M. D. Butin, the history of the creation of an art collection from different angles.

The relevance f the article is that after the defeat in the Russo-Japanese war of 1904 – 1905, state and public figures began to look for further ways for the full-fledged development of the Russian Imperial Fleet. Before the First World War, a number of public naval organizations were formed in Russia: the Fleet Renewal League, the Society of Fleet Officers, the Russian Maritime Union.
The purpose of the article is to analysis of the reasons for the creation of uniforms and insignia for conducting training cruises and celebrations by the board of the Committee of Sea Excursions in the early twentieth century.
Objectives: with the help of the documents of the Russian Archive of the Navy (RGA of the Navy), to analyze the process of creating uniforms and insignia for members and students of the public naval organization; to consider the activities of the Committee of Sea Excursions aimed at the implementation of educational programs for teaching secondary school students the basics of naval affairs; to analyze the measures taken by the naval public organization to popularize knowledge about the sea among the residents of the Russian provinces.
Methodology. The work used traditional and general scientific methods together with an istrico-situational approach in the study of the features of uniforms and insignia of the Russian public naval organization in the early twentieth century.
Results. As a result, the following are characterized: uniforms for the command staff of the lower ranks, uniforms for the command staff of training vessels, uniforms for pupils in training swimming, uniforms for tourists in training swimming, an award system of insignia, award personal diplomas and special award pennants for small-sized watercraft. This shows the goals that the board of the Excursions Committee had when forming the system of uniforms and insignia at the beginning of the twentieth century.
The conclusions. The formed system of uniforms and insignia was supposed to attract new lovers of studying maritime affairs to the ranks of the Russian public naval organization for the purpose of their subsequent professional orientation.

Relevance. In the Russian Federation at the present stage, a number of problems in the educational sphere are not resolved, in particular, at the level of institutions of additional education of children and adults. Progressive changes in this area can help study and further implementation in the practice of the experience of previous generations.
The purpose of this article consists in the historical reconstruction of the characteristics of the organization and functioning of children's music schools of the Middle Volga region in the 1950s – 1960s.
The objectives of the study: to analyze the regulatory legal acts in the field of domestic education as a whole and musical education for the 1950s – 1960s in general, in particular; explore published and unpublished materials containing information on the peculiarities of organizing educational activities and the educational process in children's Middle Volga Schools in the 1950s – 1960s; to identify the effectiveness of the functioning of children's music schools of the Middle Volga region in the 1950s – 1960s.
Materials and methodology. Source research base includes published materials (regulatory legal acts, collections of documents, scientific works) and archives materials. The paper used scientific methods characteristic of historical research: historical and genetic, comparative historical and other.
Results. The study showed that in the 1950s – 1960s, an educational and educational process was carried out at high levels of the Middle Volga region at a high level. The study of published sources and archival documents made it possible to reveal the effectiveness of the functioning of children's music schools in the 1950s – 1960s.
Conclusion. The results of the study may act as a basis for further studying the problem of organizing and developing music and educational institutions in Russia and serve as an improvement in the system of musical education in certain regions of the country at the present stage, taking into account historical experience.

The relevance of the study is to show the positive experience of the formation of a labor school in Russia. It has a theoretical and practical orientation, because, firstly, this issue has not been thoroughly investigated before and, secondly, the modern school has obvious problems with the organization of labor education. The positive experience of training and labor education in 1918-1922 will allow us to find a solution to today's problems.
The purpose of the article is to study the formation of the unified labor school of Kursk province in accordance with the Regulations on the unified labor school and the Basic Principles of the unified labor school.
The objectives follow from the purpose of the article and are to reveal the historical conditions of the formation of a unified labor school after October 1917, to characterize the labor method of education, to analyze the organization of the training system in a unified labor school in accordance with the normative documents of the Soviet government.
Methodology. The work is based on methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as historical-comparative, historical-legal, historical-pedagogical methods.
Results. Kursk province, with the advent of Soviet power, actively joined in large-scale changes in the field of education. During the construction of the education system from a "clean slate", there were many problems associated with the devastation and famine in the conditions of the civil war and the policy of war communism. One of the main methods of training was the labor method. The organization of work in the school was built according to the individual characteristics and age of students. Conditions for agricultural work were created at schools.
Conclusions. The experience of creating and operating a unified labor school had a positive result. The principles of the labor school laid down in the first years of Soviet power expanded in subsequent years. Labor has firmly entered the system of values of Soviet schoolchildren. The positive experience of education and upbringing in 1918-1922 is still relevant today.