Relevance. The role of legal custom in the Russian system of sources of law is ambiguous even today, although historically it has long acted as the main regulator of public relations. If in ancient times the custom was used everywhere, now it is widespread in private law and some complex branches of Russian law, and its application in the public legal sphere still requires scientific argumentation.

Purpose: to study the genesis of the conceptual foundations and the current status of legal custom in Russia.

Objectives: to study the origin, essence and meaning of legal custom in the Russian system of sources of law.

Methodology. On the basis of the dialectical method of scientific cognition, as well as a combination of methods of analysis and synthesis, a set of general scientific research methods, as well as private scientific and special legal ones, such as: historical, system-structural, formal-logical, formal-legal, comparative-legal, etc.

The results of the study are of a theoretical and applied nature, as they allow us to recognize legal custom as the original source of law, which historically gave rise to the entire existing system of forms of law. The signs of legal custom are revealed, its place and role in the system of sources of law are determined. The issues of the application of legal custom in civil, business and international private law are studied.

Conclusions. The study of the genesis of the conceptual foundations and the modern status of legal custom has shown that it is rightfully recognized as an integral fundamental part of the system of sources of Russian law, has a subsidiary law-enforcement character and should be inferior in legal force to a normative act and a contract.

Relevance. This article examines the problems of normative regulation of monastic usury in Russia in the Middle Ages and Modern era. Due to the peculiarities of economic and social development and historical and political reasons, the Church for a long time carried out operations characteristic of specialized credit and banking organizations. However, such activities contradicted basic Christian principles and the texts of the Holy Scriptures, prompting the legislator to respond to the current situation by creating various legal acts. The study of this issue by Soviet scientists through the prism of anti-religious policy in the modern period cannot reflect the full objectivity of this phenomenon. Consideration of monasteries as a unique subject of civil legal relations in the XV-XVII centuries will allow us to rethink the degree of development of financial in the Russia.

The purpose of the research is to form a modern scientific approach to the legal regulation of monetary and borrowing activities of monasteries in Russia.

Objectives: to determine the place of monastic usury in the financial sphere of the Russia; to characterize the main mechanisms of interaction between the Church and other subjects of civil legal relation in the field of loan transactions; to identify the features of normative regulation of this phenomenon.

The research methodology is characterized by the application of the principles of historicism and objectivity, as well as structural-functional, formal-legal and comparative-legal methods.

The results of the research indicate the versatility of the problems posed, have a historical and legal nature and allow us to consider the participation of monasteries in credit transactions from the perspective of economic and legal views for further scrutiny.

The conclusions formulated based on the results of the study confirm the existence of complexly structured monetary-borrowing relations in the Russia in the 15th-17th centuries and their special legal regulation. The article is a continuation of the author’s scientific research on issues of legal regulation of credit and banking relations in the history of Russia.

Relevance. Modern philosophy of law, being one of the leading branches of legal science, develops based on the spiritual experience that was acquired in the dialogue of Russian and German philosophical and legal thought. The Russian philosophical thought of the late XIX-early XX in the circle of its research interests raised the issues of the formation of the moral and legal ideal, the relationship of law and morality, freedom and responsibility of the individual The purpose of the study is to analyze the reception of philosophical and legal ideas of the representative of German classical philosophy I.G. Fichte in the formation of legal views of B.P. Vysheslavtsev

Objectives: to analyze in B.P. Vysheslavtsev's work "Ethics of Fichte" section IV "Law and morality" the issues of the correlation of law and morality in the system of transcendental philosophy of Fichte.

Methodology. The methodological basis of this study is the principles of consistency, unity of logical and historical analysis, which allowed us to explore the reception of I.G. Fichte's philosophical and legal views in the Russian philosophy of law.

Results. The conducted research has shown that the basis of legal reality is such a transcendental phenomenon as the law of law, and the main task of the philosophy of law is to show its place in the system of reason. The very concept of law acts a priori as something due, as an idea of justice found in positive law. Law strives to realize the idea of justice, which reveals the meaning of all legal reality.

Conclusion: B.P. Vysheslavtsev's reflections on Fichte's philosophical and legal views makes it possible to conclude that he links the problems of the relationship between state and law with individual freedom, with its role in the constitution of the legal system. B.P. Vysheslavtsev believes that Fichte's law of law differs sharply from the law of nature, but also does not merge with the law of morality. The law of law is not derived from the law of morality, but on the contrary, law and the state are external borders and at the same time conditions for the existence of a "community of free beings".

The relevance of the article lies in the study of the key problem of information support for public procurement at the current stage: filling the socially significant sphere of relations with inaccurate information, falsified information and forged documents, including confirmation of the experience and qualifications of the procurement participant.

The purpose of the study is to disclose the algorithm of the procurement commission's work at the stages of selecting applicants and evaluating applications for procurement participants in terms of verifying the reliability of the information and documents presented by them.

The author sees the task of the study to identify the reasons and factors that contribute to the use by the procurement commission of relatively reliable (but actually unverifiable) information during public procurement.

Methodology. The article uses a complex of general scientific (analysis, modeling, analogy, hypothesis), private scientific (formal-logical, systemic, functional) methods, and the author also uses a formal legal method.

The results of the study allowed the author to identify legal uncertainty in the regulation of the public procurement process, which casts doubt on the optimality and sufficiency of existing regulation that cannot block both abuses by market entities (applicants and procurement participants) and errors made by control bodies.

Conclusions. The author proposed current directions for improving the current legislation on public procurement, aimed at stopping the risks of using falsified information, inaccurate information and forged documents; at the same time, the vectors for optimizing the legal regulation of procurement processes are, according to the author, in the segment of public law and are expressed in the application of "quasi-responsibility" (register of unscrupulous suppliers), as well as the design in the short term of a new composition of an administrative offense in order to punish deception.

Relevance. The development of territories defined as special economic zones in the Russian Federation continues to be in the focus of the state policy aimed at attracting investments of both domestic and international nature in various sectors of economic activity: from manufacturing to tourism and innovative technologies. Under these conditions, the task of quality legal regulation of entrepreneurial initiatives and ensuring conditions for the successful operation and protection of business assistants in SEZ territories becomes more relevant.

The purpose of the study is to assess the existing regulatory mechanisms, identify problems in the sphere of SEZ residents' activities, and determine promising directions for further development of legal relations that contribute to the increase of investment potential in the territory of the country.

Objectives. Analysis of the existing mechanisms of control and legal regulation of the activities of economic entities with the status of SEZ residents, the study of shortcomings in the legal framework concerning the procedures for depriving business structures of the SEZ resident status, which directly affects the stability of their functioning.

Methodology. To achieve the set objectives, we used various methodological approaches, in particular, deductive, system-analytical, formal-logical, which allowed us to review the current mechanisms of regulating the activities of economic entities-residents of SEZs, and from the general theoretical provisions to draw specific conclusions about the prospects for the development of the legal environment for the regulation of entrepreneurial activity in SEZs.

Results of the study are a critical understanding of the existing approaches to legal regulation and support of SEZ activities, as well as the adjustment of the regulatory framework taking into account the identified shortcomings, which will improve the effectiveness of the SEZ institution and contribute to a balanced economic development of regions and stabilisation of the investment environment at the macro level.

Conclusion. The article presents proposals for amendments aimed at eliminating the identified problems concerning the clarification of the legal status of residents and mechanisms for controlling their activities, which should contribute to improving the effectiveness of legal regulation and ensuring the stability of entrepreneurial structures in SEZs.

Relevance. The issue of the role of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in ensuring uniformity of judicial practice, as well as the mechanisms of such provision, remains insufficiently investigated in the scientific literature.

The purpose of the work is to study the current legislation and law enforcement practice in order to identify the specifics of the influence of the practice of the Constitutional Court on the uniform interpretation and application of legal norms in civil cases.

Objectives. To achieve this goal, the task was set to identify the problems of applying the decisions of the Constitutional Court within the framework of the formation of uniform judicial practice. Also, within the framework of this article, the task was set to formulate proposals for improving civil procedure and arbitration procedural legislation.

Methodology. Within the framework of the study, dialectical, formal legal and hermeneutic research methods were applied.

Results. As a result of the conducted research, it was concluded that the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the context of the issue under consideration concerns both the formulation of general objectives regarding the legal nature of the uniformity of judicial practice and ways to achieve it in law enforcement, and the interpretation of legal norms in their constitutional and legal sense to eliminate the risks of their unreasonably different application in similar situations.

Conclusions. The conclusion is also made about the mutual influence of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the practice of other courts. In addition, it is concluded that it is necessary to amend the current procedural legislation in order to consolidate the need to indicate in the texts of judicial acts the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.

Relevance. The most acute problems of modern Russian legislation, theory and law enforcement practice include the inconsistency of private law norms designed to regulate property relations with the participation of subjects of civil and family law – spouses and former spouses, creditors of the debtor spouse and other persons, whose rights and interests may be violated as a result of unscrupulous behavior of a participant in civil turnover, abuse granted contractual freedom. The common joint property of the spouses forms the material basis of the family. The increase in cases of challenging marriage contracts and agreements on the division of marital property in bankruptcy proceedings and especially consumer bankruptcy confirms the need to resolve the issue of coordinating the intersectoral interaction of family law and civil law in the field of property relations of subjects of civil and family law.

The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical provisions on the nature of the interaction of the norms of civil and family law governing the property relations of subjects of civil and family law.

Objectives: to identify the "pain points" of intersectoral regulation of property relations with the participation of subjects of family law (spouses and former spouses); to propose possible solutions to the problem of regulating property relations with the participation of a debtor spouse (former debtor spouse) and a creditor (creditors).

Methodology. In the course of the research, a systematic method, analysis and synthesis, and a formal legal method were applied.

The results of the study are theoretical and applied in nature, aimed at improving the quality of legal intersectoral regulation of property relations involving spouses (former spouses).

The conclusions reached by the author in the course of the research are of a debatable nature and do not pretend to be the only correct solution to the situation. The article is a continuation of the study of the issues of intersectoral contractual regulation of subjects of family law

Relevance of the article is determined by considering the problem of interpreting the relationship between personal data and information about the private life of a person constituting his secret for the purpose of uniform law enforcement. Particular attention is paid to the position of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation, which have formed the practice of interpretation by courts of general jurisdiction of the concepts of private life and personal secrecy.

The purpose of the study is to supplement the theory of criminal law with new knowledge about the criteria for delimiting the terms under consideration, taking into account their difference and the qualification of crimes that encroach on the inviolability of privacy, personal secrets and personal data to effectively counter them.

Objectives: on the basis of the established positions of theorists and investigative and judicial practice, distinguish between the concepts under consideration and propose recommendations regarding a criminal law assessment of acts committed in relation to privacy and personal data.

Methodology. The research methodology is represented by general scientific and private scientific methods of knowing objective reality. Methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, as well as system-analytical, formallegal, formal-logical and documentary methods found their application in the work.

The results of the study are of a theoretical and applied nature and include the development of recommendations for the law enforcement officer regarding the assessment of the presence of evidence of corpus delicti that encroached on privacy, personal secrets or personal data. The specific examples show the formal interpretation of the extinguished or withdrawn criminal record as personal data in its legal absence. To ensure the balance of private and public interests, a different approach to understanding criminal records as a personal secret in the event of its repayment or removal is justified.

Conclusion. In law enforcement practice, there are no clear criteria for delineation, in which case private life, personal secrecy, and in which personal data are protected by means of criminal law. The proposal to introduce independent responsibility for illegal actions with personal data, which may not necessarily be information constituting privacy or personal secrets, is supported.

Relevance. Criminal statistics of recent years confirm a significant increase in fraud in Russia committed using information and telecommunication technologies. When considering the methods of committing cyberbullying on the basis of studying the sentences of criminal courts, content analysis of mass media, its victimological characteristics are given. Special attention is paid to the identity of the victim of fraudulent actions committed on the Internet and the factors that increase the risk of becoming a victim of such crimes.

The purpose of the study is to supplement the theory of criminology with new knowledge about the digital victimization of victims of fraud committed using information and telecommunication technologies in order to effectively counter it.

Objectives: on the basis of court convictions, media reports, to supplement the victimological characteristics of cyberbullying based on the analysis of existing and new ways of committing it.

Methodology. When writing the work, the following general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition were used: analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, statistical, documentary, formal legal, formal logical, systemic and predictive.

The results of the study consist in identifying and describing the victimized behavior of persons who have become victims of cyberbullying. The factors that increase the degree of victimization of potential victims are described. The obtained results can be used by law enforcement agencies to develop the most effective methods of victimological prevention of this type of virtual crimes.

Conclusion. Due to the specificity of the method of committing fraud (remote) It is an exception to the provisions developed by victimology on the victim of a crime. For this reason, different types of potential victims can become victims of cybercriminals.

Relevance of the article is determined by the consideration of the global problem of cybercrime against the individual. Digital technologies and the Internet, its shadow segment of the Darknet, can be used to carry out many, including violent crimes against the person specified in chapters XVI, XVII and XVIII of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The largest share of such crimes in the structure of criminal assaults against the person is suicide, cyber bullying, inducement to self-harm, sexual crimes against minors, defamation, violation of privacy of personal life, etc. To increase the effectiveness of the fight against virtual crimes against the person, which have become widespread on the Internet, their original characteristics are given.

The purpose of the study is to supplement the theory of criminology with new knowledge about crimes against the person committed using information and telecommunication technologies and the Internet in order to effectively counter them.

Objectives: on the basis of investigative and judicial practice, to identify and characterize crimes against the person committed through information and telecommunication technologies and the Internet.

Methodology. It is represented by a set of general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition, including analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, as well as system-analytical, statistical, documentary, formal legal, formal logical and predictive methods.

The results of the study include a detailed criminological description of the main types of crimes against the person, most often committed using modern Internet technologies; scientific knowledge about the types of crimes that the Internet and digital technologies have become the means of committing is replenished.

Conclusion. The spread of information and telecommunication technologies and the massive "Internetization" of the population have changed the nature and structure of cybercrime, its qualitative and quantitative indicators. Such a rapid evolution of IT crime was instantly reflected in the statistics of certain types of crimes, including criminally punishable acts against a person. The forecast is formulated that this type of cybercrime will be modernized in the future, including through new types of attacks against individual rights and freedoms (life, health, freedom, sexual integrity and sexual freedom, privacy, etc.).

Relevance. Violent crimes that infringe on unshakable human values, namely life and health, are an integral part of society's life. The rapid change in social, economic and political conditions leads to the intensification of social tension of the population and can provoke an increase in the level of violent crime. Modern realities make it necessary to study and analyze up-to-date information about the state of violent crime, as well as to identify existing shortcomings of the accounting system for the crimes under consideration.

The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of law enforcement agencies based on a systematic study of the criminological characteristics of violent crime against the individual, its state and dynamics in modern Russia, including identifying existing shortcomings in the system of accounting for violent crimes by internal affairs agencies and developing ways to overcome them.

The objectives of the study are to identify the real state of violent crime against the individual in modern Russia; to identify changes in its state in the period from 2018 to 2022; to establish the main factors that can have a significant impact on official statistics and accounting and registration discipline in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and their accounting.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, formal-logical, systematic, statistical.

Results. The article provides an analysis of the main criminological indicators of violent crime in modern Russia. Particular factors affecting the effectiveness of the crime accounting system are considered, ways of entering information by employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia that may affect the reliability of official statistical data are considered and classified.

Conclusion. Within the framework of the study, the range of crimes classified as violent was determined, the validity of attributing crimes committed with the use of instrumental violence to the category of violent crimes against the person was considered. The necessity of introducing separate statistical forms aimed at collecting information about violent crime is substantiated.

Factors that may have an impact on the reliability and accuracy of official data are considered, special attention was paid to such a phenomenon as artificial latency of crimes. The interrelation of the method of assessing the effectiveness of the activities of territorial internal affairs bodies with the phenomenon of artificial latency of crimes is analyzed. In our opinion, a real reduction in the level of artificial latent crime could be influenced by a change in the accounting system for evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of territorial internal affairs bodies.

Relevance. The war that began in 1914 met the growing needs of the bourgeoisie class, as it was a source of enormous profits. In the event of a victory, Russia would gain exclusive dominance over the Black Sea, Asia Minor and the Balkan Peninsula. The war was also supposed to serve as a lightning rod against the growing revolutionary movement and the impending revolution. On the eve of the war, the labor movement in Russia reached exceptional tension, in its scope it was comparable to the revolutionary year 1905. In such circumstances, the war was supposed to "extinguish" the growing discontent of the people. The study of the attitude of political parties in the Russian Empire to the war is of not only theoretical but also practical interest, since the possibilities of preventing a new world war are largely related to the position of various social forces, political parties, the state of civil society, and the ability to negotiate controversial issues.

Purpose. To investigate the attitude of the political parties of the Russian Empire to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

Objectives: to analyze the political situation in the country by 1914 and characterize the positions of Russian political parties in their attitude to the war.

Methodology. The author's methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. The methods of information synthesis and analysis, the method of generalization of the obtained data, and the ideographic method are also used.

Results. In the study, the author shows the process of unification of Russian political parties in relation to the war with Austria-Hungary and Germany that began in 1914. At that moment, all party barriers fell, and representatives of political parties recognized the need for a war to a victorious end. But the Mensheviks and Trudoviks opposed war loans, and the Bolsheviks protested against the war.

Conclusion. An analysis of the sources showed that the war consolidated Russian society. Representatives of all parties, except the Social Democrats, supported Russia's participation in the war, considering it defensive.

Relevance. The construction of energy facilities in the city of Kursk is interconnected with the history of urban infrastructure development, the construction of industrial facilities and residential neighborhoods. The construction of the first energy facilities is associated with a shortage in the provision of electricity and heat to the buildings and structures under construction in the city of Kursk. The decision to build thermal power plants was in unison with the reconstruction work after the Great Patriotic War. Thus, the energy potential of the year of Kursk, formed in the early 50s of the twentieth century, has been functioning productively up to the present time.

The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the main stages of construction and development trends of large energy facilities in the city of Kursk in the period 1950s 1980s. The objective of the research is to study the process of formation and modernization of energy facilities at various stages of the formation of the urban appearance of the city of Kursk.

Methodology. As a methodological basis for the work, general and specific methods of scientific analysis were used, which form the basis of historical science, based on the principle of historicism, the principle of objectivity, and the principle of consistency.

Results. In the course of studying and summarizing published and archival sources, it was revealed that the creation of the energy complex of the city of Kursk in the period 1950s–1980s. is associated with the introduction of technologically advanced domestic turbine and electrical equipment, centralized heating systems and advanced energy production technologies, which made it possible to form a modern energy potential of the city.

Conclusion. During the study of published and archival sources, it can be concluded that the construction of energy facilities made it possible to ensure the supply of thermal and electrical energy to consumers and industrial facilities in the city of Kursk. These facts can contribute to the development of a strategy for improving and modernizing modern energy facilities in the city of Kursk.

The relevance of the work is related to the heuristic significance of clarifying the religious values place in the life of Soviet society, as well as the need for a historiographical understanding of the process of relaying confessional traditions in the Soviet Union.

The purpose of the research: a critical analysis of information on religiosity level of Soviet youth, published by Russian authors in the 1920–1970s.

Objectives: to study the statistical data of domestic social scientists regarding the religiosity of Soviet youth in the 1920–1970s; to consider the factors that influenced such statistics; to assess the correspondence of the published statistics to the real picture of the younger generations of Soviet citizens attitude to confessional values.

Methods. During the preparation of the paper the author relied on the traditional methodology of historical and sociological research: historical-statistical, comparative-historical methods, as well as the method of historical induction.

Results. The paper examines the dynamics of changes in data on the religiosity of young USSR citizens obtained by Soviet social scientists during surveys of the 1920–1970s, examines the causes of a sharp drop in the declared level of religiosity of schoolchildren and students since the 1930s, compares published and unpublished information about the attitude of representatives of these social categories to confessional culture.

Conclusions. The research shows that the level of youth religiosity demonstrated by Soviet social studies has decreased tenfold over the past five decades. It is concluded that the data on the relevant issues were published by voters, reflecting only the results of the polls acceptable from an ideological point of view. To obtain such results, social scientists were usually helped by the interviewees themselves, who sought to remain "conscious" citizens in the eyes of the observing authorities. At the same time, the outwardly demonstrated skepticism of religion by young people often hid doubts about the atheistic picture of the world or interest in confessional traditions as one of the foundations of culture.

Relevance. The wine reform of 1863 is an important stage in the improvement of Russian legislation on the tavern industry. But the activities of the Special Committee for the Development of tavern legislation in historiography have not received adequate coverage. The problem raised in the article is very relevant for the correct interpretation of the history of tavern establishments. The purpose is to show the activities of a Special Committee headed by A.P. Zablotsky-Desyatovsky on the development of tavern legislation in Russia.

The objectives arising from the designated goal are to ensure that: to describe the state of the tavern industry on the eve of the wine reform; to reveal the course of preparation of the "Regulations on the tavern industry"; to highlight the requirements legally imposed on tavern establishments.

The methodology of the article includes the principles of objectivity, historicism and consistency, which complemented the historical-chronological, historical-comparative research methods.

Results. There was no general legislation regulating the activities of tavern establishments in Russia for a long time, different laws regulated the tavern industry in capitals, port, provincial, and county towns. They were extensive, confusing, and hampered the initiative of the hotel owners, but left many aspects of the activity without instructions. The government has been developing tavern legislation for a long time. The merit in the creation of the all-Russian "Regulations on tavern establishments" belongs to a Special commission under the leadership of A.P. Zablotsky-Desyatovsky. She carried out this work as part of the preparation of the wine reform. The "Regulations on tavern establishments" became the fundamental document that defined the conditions and nature of the tavern business for several decades.

Conclusion. The "Regulations on Tavern Establishments", highly approved on July 4, 1861, corresponded to the spirit of the times. It made it possible to establish clear rules for the functioning of tavern establishments. Their number increased significantly in the second half of the XIX century, budget revenues from taverns became a prominent part of budgets at all levels.

Relevance. In the years of the X five-year plan the country's industry was faced with the task of improving the efficiency and quality of production at minimal cost by introducing new technologies, mechanizing production and reducing manual labor. But the administrative and command management system turned out to be unable to respond quickly, new technologies were poorly implemented, and existing equipment was outdated. Using the example of the implementation of the tasks of the X five-year plan at the industrial enterprises of the Kursk region, it is possible to assess the positive and negative sides of the Soviet production management system.

Purpose. To investigate the results of the X five-year plan in the industrial production of the Kursk region and identify the results of the main directions of industrial development set by the XXV Congress of the CPSU at the regional level.

Objectives: to analyze the reports of industrial enterprises of the region to assess the results of production activities based on the results of the X five-year plan.

Methodology. Scientific methods were used in the research: synthesis, analysis, comparison, analogy, generalization, induction, deduction.

Results. The tasks of the X five-year plan at the industrial enterprises of the region were not fulfilled in full. In the food industry, there was a failure to meet targets for the volume of products produced. The introduction of new technologies and automation were carried out at a slow pace, as a result of which labor productivity increased slightly. Mechanical engineering turned out to be the most promising industry in the region.

Conclusion. The all-Union trends aimed at fulfilling the ten-year plan have found expression in the Kursk region. But the efforts made by the management of enterprises did not always give a positive result. Almost all the studied enterprises in the region slightly exceeded the planned indicators. The most promising enterprises turned out to be in the machine-building industry, where new equipment was introduced, production processes were mechanized, there was an influx of labor and labor productivity increased.

Relevance. In the review, the author gives an assessment of the monographic research of Natalia Ivanovna Kuznetsova, Candidate of Law "Criminal policy in the field of environmental safety". The criminal-political and scientific-theoretical problems of responsibility for environmental crimes raised in the monograph should be identified as priorities for resolution today.

The purpose: to conduct a comprehensive comprehensive scientific analysis of the monographic work submitted for review.

Objectives: to assess the relevance, scientific novelty, the elaboration of the research topic, to analyze the content, the depth of the problem statement and the proposed ways out of the current situation, to evaluate, in the author's opinion, possible solutions to the tasks set, the scientific and practical significance of the results of the monographic research.

Methodology. The review was based on general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.), private scientific and special legal methods of cognition.

Results. The author of the monograph gives the concept, reveals the content and principles of criminal policy in the field of environmental safety, analyzes its methods such as criminalization (decriminalization), penalization, differentiation and individualization of criminal responsibility and punishment for environmental crimes. For the first time, the global environmental problems of our time and their relationship with crime are considered at the monographic level.

Conclusion. The implementation of a new paradigm of criminal policy in the field of environmental safety, proposed by N. I. Kuznetsova, will contribute to the development of such very promising areas of legal science as ecocriminology; criminology of environmental protection; ecodeviantology; ecocriminogenic victimization of society (criminal eco-victimology); information ecocriminological and criminalistic technologies.