The relevance is due to the theoretical and practical significance of scientific problems related to the study of the legal regulation of the activities of Soviet and party bodies in the fight against the fascist-nationalist underground in the Baltic States in the last years of the Great Patriotic War and the post-war years. The experience of fighting nationalism in the post-war decade, when the Soviet state managed to cope with the fascist-nationalist underground in a relatively short time, seems instructive at the present time.

Purpose. Сlarification in the historical and legal aspect of the peculiarities of the struggle of Soviet and party organs, as well as organs and troops of the NKVD-NKGB of the USSR with the fascist-nationalist underground in the Baltic States in 1944-1953.

Objectives: to analyze the main normative legal documents regulating the fight against the fascist-nationalist underground in the Baltic States in 1944-1953; to determine the features of the counteraction of Soviet and party organs, organs and troops of the NKVD-NKGB to the activities of participants in the fascist-nationalist underground in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in the last years of the Great Patriotic War and the first decade after the end of the war.

Methodology. The dialectical, historical, comparative legal method was used as the methodological basis of the study due to the historical and legal nature of the article.

Results the research was of a historical and legal nature and made it possible to identify the specifics of the activities of the Soviet authorities in the fight against the fascist-nationalist underground in the Baltic States. Not only operational-Chekist, military operations were carried out, but also criminal and repressive measures were carried out, but also administrative, agitation and propaganda measures corresponding to the "current moment" were applied. The struggle against the fascist-nationalist underground was led by party and Soviet bodies, both at the republican and all-Union levels.

Conclusion. The complex of measures carried out in 1944-1953 in order to combat the fascist-nationalist underground in the Baltic States has historical and legal significance. The experience of its implementation can be used by the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, state security agencies and other law enforcement agencies, both now and in the future, including as part of a special military operation.

Relevance. It is quite obvious that the modern world has entered a new stage of its development, the prospects of which are very vague. The model of the mondial world order with its ideas of faceless globalization, depopulation, universalization, de-Christianization, etc. are rejected by Russia. Recently, in political discourse and in official strategic planning documents, Russia has been called a civilization state with a pronounced identity. In the Russian conservative legal doctrine, the definition of specific features of Russia's state identity was a key topic, and the priority of intangible values was noted as the main feature of Orthodox civilization. It is no coincidence that Russian socio-political thought has always been puzzled by the search for a Russian idea. In this regard, the concept of ideocratic statehood is of particular interest, the main meaning of which was to search for a key idea or system of ideas on the basis of which the state should be built.

The aim is to reconstruct and interpret the theory of the ideocratic state of the Russian conservative political and legal doctrine of the late XIX - first half of the XX centuries.

Research objectives: to study the evolution of the concept of an ideocratic state, to analyze its conceptual apparatus, to comprehend the importance of state ideology for the modern stage of development.

Methodology. It is based on the historical method of cognition, which contributed to the disclosure of the evolution of the theory under study, the method of diachronic and synchronous comparison, as well as a problem-theoretical one, which allows determining the degree of modern relevance of the concept under study.

Results. The conducted research allowed us to establish that the concept of ideocratic statehood was mainly formed in the works of representatives of the socio-political movement of Eurasians, which originated in the 20-30 years among Russian emigration. The most significant contribution to the theoretical development of the doctrine of the ideocratic state was made by N.N. Alekseev. It was he who generalized the ideas of the Eurasians, conceptualizing them into a legally sound theory of demotic ideocracy or a guarantee state.

Conclusion. Ideocracy is a concept of governance based on the postulate of idealism, based on which the definition of the state as a single super-organic entity, where the idea shared by all the people rules.

The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that, based on the analysis of the Pilot Book, knowledge about the genesis of ancient Russian family law is expanding, allowing to reveal the historical roots of modern legislation in this area and to identify the influence of cultural, religious and social factors on the formation of norms and principles of family law. The scientific discussion on this issue contributes to a deep understanding of the history of the Russian state and law, the actualization of issues of marriage and family relations in the context of modern challenges and changes in society.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the features, conditions and procedure of marriage in Russia.

The objectives are to identify the factors influencing the order of marriage, identify obstacles to marriage, and establish the religious and legal basis of marital and family relations.

Methodology. The methodological basis is determined by the historical and legal nature of the research, based on the principles of historicism, a systematic approach and objectivity in understanding the legacy of the Pilot Book.

Results. In the course of the study, the foundations of family legislation were determined, among them are: the chaste nature of premarital relations, which does not violate the foundations of family values and life in marriage; the definition of marriage as a union of a man and a woman, with the aim of legitimate childbearing and avoiding a sinful life; the consent of both spouses to marry, the absence of obstacles to marriage (kinship, nepotism, etc.); the obligatory wedding of the spouses and the blessing of the priest of the couple; the responsibility of the husband for the wife.

Conclusion. In the conditions of modern Russia, the appeal to the historical and legal heritage of the past is dictated by the need to strengthen the authority and support the institution of the family and basic family values. The analysis of the norms of the Steering Book (Nomocanon), which laid the foundations of family legislation, helps to understand the values and principles that have been formed in society over the centuries and influence modern legislation.

Relevance. The right to privacy, as one of the basic constitutional rights of man and citizen, is subject to protection in accordance with Art. 23, 24 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. On the basis of constitutional justice and the scientific views of theorists, the content of the law in question is disclosed, problems of a legislative and terminological nature that affect its content and the establishment of limits of constitutional legal protection are described.

The purpose of the study is to supplement theoretical provisions that contribute to the deepening of scientific knowledge about the protection of the constitutional right to privacy, its content and the limits of constitutional legal protection.

Objectives: to analyze the practice of the Constitutional and Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in cases of protecting the right to privacy and the scientific positions of scientists regarding its concept; describe the state of constitutional and legal protection and the content of the right in question; identify legislative and terminological gaps impeding its proper protection; define the boundaries of constitutional legal protection.

Methodology. The study was carried out using methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, documentary, formal-legal, system-analytical and formal-logical methods. The results of the study are formulated theoretical provisions characterizing the content of the right to privacy and the objective limits of its constitutional and legal protection.

Conclusion. In the theory of constitutional law and the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, there is a change in the trend in the interpretation of the right to privacy from «negative» to «positive». It is transformed by supplementing the concept of private life with new types of information that make it up (the right to genetic inviolability, inviolability of personal data, secrecy when using reproductive technologies, etc.). A forecast is given on the modernization of the system of personal human rights with the recognition of an independent right to protect personal data.

Relevance. The article examines the problems associated with the protection of personal data of deceased citizens, including those posted on social media accounts, on other online-platforms, analyzes the «right to be forgotten» in relation to personal information about a person after his death.

The purpose of the study is to supplement scientific provisions aimed at deepening the theory of law on the posthumous protection of personal data of a person, including his digital assets, on the removal of irrelevant and inaccurate information in succession; in developing proposals to address gaps in civil regulation of digital inheritance and «digital death».

Objectives: to determine legal means of protecting personal data of a person and other personal information posted on the global network after his death; identify shortcomings of the current legislation; update, taking into account the scientific discussions of legal scholars, proposals for improving the protection of intangible benefits of this category of citizens.

Methodology. To achieve a theoretical and practical result, the study was carried out with the involvement of the of schenoscientific and private scientific methods - dialectical, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, statistical, analysis of judicial practice, formal-legal, system-analytical and formal-logical methods.

The results of the study are of a theoretical-applied and legislative nature. They include proposals to resolve problems related to the protection of personal data of deceased citizens, the heritability of their virtual assets, including social media accounts. To overcome gaps in civil law, legalization of some concepts (digital inheritance, digital assets, “digital death”) is required, recognition in certain cases of a digital asset as a virtual property by the hereditary mass, the introduction of a probate order, the appointment of a digital keeper, etc.

Conclusion. Taking into account foreign experience, Russian legislation on the protection of personal data, personal information and digital assets of a person after his death is characterized by legal unresolved and uncertainty, which must be eliminated through the modernization of the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, regulatory laws and user agreements.

Relevance. When considering claims for leakage of information constituting the patient's personal data and his medical confidentiality, the courts give a different assessment of the grounds for civil liability of medical organizations. The article reveals the established approaches to assessing the guilt of a medical organization that violated the confidentiality of personal information of citizens who applied for medical help.

The purpose of the study is to supplement theoretical provisions aimed at deepening scientific knowledge about the civil liability of medical organizations for the unlawful dissemination and (or) use of patient's personal data, including information related to medical confidentiality; development of proposals to eliminate the imbalance of the patient's personal data confidentiality regime and his right to legal assistance.

Objectives: analyze civil legislation, legislation on personal data, the positions of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation regarding the protection of patient personal data, decisions of courts of general jurisdiction on claims of liability of medical organizations for unlawful actions with personal data that resulted in the leakage of personal information about patients; to study and update the proposals available in theory aimed at uniform law enforcement in cases of this category.

Methodology. The study was carried out through methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, formal-legal, system-analytical and formal-logical methods, as well as a method for generalizing judicial practice. The results are reflected in the formulated proposals aimed at improving the judicial protection of personal data of patients of medical organizations, and the uniformity of judicial practice in terms of the responsibility of medical organizations in cases of this category.

Conclusion. In cases of responsibility of medical organizations for the leakage of personal data of patients, uniform law enforcement did not work out. The right of a lawyer to access the personal data of persons who received medical assistance did not receive an unambiguous assessment by judicial practice. To eliminate the existing gaps in the protection of the intangible benefits of the patient under consideration, the need to exclude their personal data from the confidentiality regime for the administration of justice and in the provision of qualified legal assistance under the contract is argued.

Relevance. The article analyzes the problems of protecting the image of minors in accordance with Art. 152.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, including judicial methods of its protection. The inconsistency of judicial practice on the application of provisions on the protection of the right to inviolability of the image of children is noted. An assessment of the norm under consideration in the context of law enforcement is given and legislative solutions are proposed to eliminate the shortcomings of its revision.

The purpose of the study is to supplement and develop theoretical provisions that contribute to the deepening of scientific knowledge on the protection of the right to image children and the uniform application of Art. 152.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Objectives: to analyze the decisions and decisions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, courts of general jurisdiction in cases of protecting the right to image a minor; identify the reasons for the inconsistency of court decisions that impede the proper protection of this right; clarify the existing gaps in the version of Art. 152.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation; formulate proposals aimed at improving the protection of photographs and video images of minors.

Methodology. When writing the article, the author used methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, as well as dialectical-materialistic, formal-legal, formal-logical, system-analytical, documentary methods, as well as a method for generalizing judicial practice. The results of the study are applied and are reflected in the findings and formulated proposals for solving theoretical and practical problems related to the protection of the image of minors.

Conclusion. The norm on the protection of the right to image requires modernization in terms of eliminating gaps that require the attention of the legislator. To overcome the contradictory interpretation of its meaning and the disunity of judicial practice, it is necessary to consolidate the concept of consent as a bilateral civil law transaction, introduce property compensation, and determine the rights of the second parent in case of his disagreement with the use of the child's image.

Relevance. Unlike personal data of a person, personal data of participants in civil proceedings are posted without exception in the texts of decisions on the websites of courts, voiced in video broadcasts, and published in the public domain by search aggregator sites. The article analyzes the concept and content of the legal regime of personal data of persons participating in civil proceedings in relation to the problem of their protection. The legislation on personal data and on ensuring access to information on the activities of courts in the Russian Federation are being studied, establishing the legal regime of personal data of persons participating in civil proceedings in relation to the problem of their protection.

The purpose of the study is to deepen scientific knowledge about the essence of the legal regime of personal data of participants in civil proceedings, to develop theoretical concepts and legislative proposals to increase the effectiveness of their protection.

Objectives: analyze the legislation governing the legal regime of personal data of persons participating in civil proceedings, identify legal means to ensure their protection, and identify legislative gaps that impede their proper protection.

Methodology. The research methodology is represented by general scientific (dialectical, analysis and synthesis of deduction, induction) and private scientific methods (formal-legal, formal-logical, system-analytical).

The results found expression in the formulated concept of the legal regime of personal data of participants in civil proceedings, identifying its correlation with the legal regime of personal data of individuals, as well as in proposals for improving the current norms of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, establishing the rules for conducting video broadcasts of court hearings, to protect personal data of the considered category of citizens.

Conclusion. The legal regime of personal data of participants in civil proceedings is a procedure for regulating public relations, expressed in a set of legal means aimed at ensuring, in the interests of the whole society, the availability of information about judicial activities, and the protection of personal data of persons participating in civil proceedings. The legal regime of personal data of participants in civil proceedings correlates with the legal regime of personal data of individuals as private and general, and therefore is special in type.

Relevance. The article analyzes legislative provisions and views of Russian scientists on the issues of protection of intangible benefits, definition of their signs, classification criteria, strengthening of protection, establishment of correlation between intangible benefits and personal non-property rights. The peculiarities of protection of intangible benefits in those areas in which such protection is most in demand at present, including the protection of honor, dignity and business reputation of citizens, their images, consumer rights, compensation for moral harm associated with encroachments on life and health, and in other cases are considered.

The conclusions are made about the need for further development of the system of civil legal protection of intangible benefits, which is currently in the stage of formation, based on the generalization and systematization of existing approaches, as well as the development of the definition of the concept of intangible benefits, their scientifically justified classification, division by types, including taking into account the features of their protection.

The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical provisions aimed at improving the civil legal protection of intangible benefits.

Objectives: to analyze the peculiarities of legal relations arising in connection with violations of intangible benefits and encroachments on such intangible benefits; to identify problems arising in the protection of intangible benefits by civil law means; to propose solutions that ensure the elimination of gaps and contradictions in the legislation related to the protection of intangible benefits.

Methodology. In the research we used general scientific methods, including dialectical-materialistic method, methods of analysis and synthesis, etc., as well as systematic and formal-legal methods.

The results of the research have a theoretical and applied nature and are aimed at improving the legal regulation of relations related to the protection of intangible benefits.

Conclusions. For further development of the legislation and judicial practice it is required to develop a scientifically grounded classification of intangible benefits, based on the identification of their signs and features, as well as to determine the features of protection methods applicable to encroachments on intangible benefits, which will allow to extend such protection to all cases of violations and encroachments on intangible benefits.

Relevance. The study is devoted to determining the substance of representation given by a third party and their place among the general models of third party participation in another contractual obligation (Articles 312, 313 and 430 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The possibilities of applying the current rules of positive law on the participation of a third party in another contractual obligation to representation provided by a third party are analyzed. Due to the presence of only explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on such representations, there is a need for scientific formulization in this regard.

The purpose of the article is to formulization theoretical provisions on representation provided by a third party and their relationship to existing models of third party participation in another contractual obligation.

Objectives. to determine the most appropriate rules for applying to representationы given by a third party on a specific model of a third party's participation in another contractual obligation.

Methodology. The author used dialectical-materialistic method, methods of analysis and synthesis, a systematic method, as well as methods of description and formal-legal method.

Results. Based on the results of the study, it was found acceptable to apply the rules on contract in favor of a third party (Article 430 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) to the construction of representation provided by a third party.

Conclusion. The structure of representation given by a third party proposed by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation should be properly integrated into the existing domestic system of contract law. However, it has been revealed that the legal substance of the representation provided by a third party is not acceptable for all general models of third party participation in another contractual obligation. The closest model of a third party's participation in another contractual obligation to the construction of representation provided by a third party should be considered a contract in favor of a third party.

Relevance. The article considers the peculiarities of civil protection of a person's private life after his death by other persons in accordance with Art. 152.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The positions of legal scholars regarding the ambiguous phenomenon of «experience of law» with the inalienability of intangible benefits, when information about the private life of a deceased citizen is subject to posthumous protection, are analyzed. The established judicial practice was studied to resolve such claims for civil law remedies for the right to privacy of a deceased person, decisions of the Constitutional Court and clarifications of the Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation on issues related to the protection of the personal non-property law in question in civil proceedings.

The purpose of the study is to supplement theoretical provisions deepening the civil law theory of posthumous protection of privacy, and to develop proposals to eliminate existing gaps in civil ¬ legal regulation in this area.

Objectives: to analyze court decisions on claims for posthumous protection of private life, decisions of the Constitutional Court and decisions of the Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation, to identify shortcomings in the wording of Art. 152.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as to update, taking into account scientific discussions, proposals regarding the sale of intangible benefits after death.

Methodology. To achieve a theoretical and practical result, the author used scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction) and private scientific methods (formal-legal, system-analytical and formal-logical, method of analysis and generalization of judicial practice).

The results of the study are determined by its theoretical and applied nature and contain the author's vision of improving the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in terms of posthumous protection of the right to privacy (changing the list of persons entitled to protect the interests of the deceased, legalizing the concept of «good memory of a deceased citizen»).

Conclusion. Posthumous protection of privacy is delegated by the state to close relatives of the deceased person by virtue of public and personal interest. In connection with death, the legal personality of a person ceases, and those who protect the privacy of the deceased become the subjects of legal relations.

Relevance. The article presents modern data indicating those conditions of adaptation of migrants that may encourage them to commit crimes, as well as those factors that influence the effectiveness of crime prevention in the field of migration. It has been established that the level of public confidence in the quality of adaptation of foreigners to the modern socio-cultural space is falling, and certain factors sharply increase both the level of migrant phobia on the part of the population and destabilize the crime situation in the country.

The purpose of the study is to complement scientific knowledge in terms of identifying factors influencing: the effective adaptation of migrants, their level of crime and the efficiency of crime prevention in the field of migration.

Objectives: conduct a criminological analysis of the processes of social adaptation of migrants and assess the level of their integration into Russian society; determine the attitude of the Russian population towards migrants, using the example of the Kursk region and the level of migrant phobia, as well as crime in the field of migration.

Methodology. When writing a scientific article, universal methods of cognition of social processes (dialectical, system-structural, generalizations, etc.) and specific methods (analysis, synthesis, statistical method, methods of participant observation, survey and computer generalization using the IBM SPSS Statistics platform) were used.

The results of the study made it possible to identify previously unaccounted for risk factors, as well as to determine factors of adaptation of migrants in Russia that influence integration processes that generate negative attitudes of the population towards migrants, including in connection with the commission of crimes.

Conclusion. Modern Russian society is faced with an unwillingness to fully perceive migration as equal social actors. This phenomenon signals a possible increase in the near future of migrant phobia and the involvement of migrants in committing acts of a socially dangerous nature.

Relevance. A lawyer, not being a subject of proof in criminal proceedings, nevertheless, is an active participant in the proof process, which he carries out throughout his activities to protect his client from suspicion or formed and put forward an accusatory thesis. At the same time, the current situation of "double protection" significantly hinders the participation of a lawyer in proving innocence or lesser guilt in comparison with the accusatory thesis put forward, and at the same time establishes an obstacle to the implementation of the provisions enshrined in Article 48 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which enshrines the right of everyone to receive qualified legal assistance. The situation of "double protection" is one of the most negative factors in advocacy. In order to avoid the occurrence of a "double protection" situation, the author proposes an algorithm of actions when entering the process as a defender.

Objective: to develop an algorithm for entering the process in order to avoid a situation of "double protection".

The purpose of the study is to continue the research of advocacy in criminal proceedings, refuting the arguments of the prosecution and proving the innocence or lesser guilt of the defendant.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the research was the universal dialectical method of cognition of socio-legal phenomena, general scientific research methods (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, system-structural and others). In addition, private scientific methods of cognition were used logical-formal and system analysis.

The results of the study are both theoretical and applied in nature, and have elements of scientific novelty. The author considers the issues of the lawyer's entry into the criminal process by appointment, proposes an algorithm for the lawyer's actions in order to avoid possible violations and the emergence of a situation of "double protection".

Conclusions. The discussion of the identified problems will allow us to develop solutions to eliminate the identified gaps in the implementation of protection in criminal proceedings, protect lawyers from possible violations of internal corporate regulations.

Relevance. In the criminal law doctrine, the sign of public danger is defined as fundamental, allowing one to distinguish a crime from other offenses. The increasing complexity of existing legal relations and the unsystematic development of sectoral rule-making call into question this dogmatic judgment. The feasibility of using this characteristic as an unconditional basis for criminalization requires verification.

The purpose of the study is to assess the prospects for using the sign of public danger to criminalize an act and distinguish a crime from other offenses.

Objectives: study the genesis of the material sign of a crime with the identification of its criminal-political function at the stage of its emergence and in the process of evolution.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was the universal dialectical method of cognition of phenomena and processes of the surrounding reality. In the course of developing the theoretical provisions of the work, historical-legal, formal-logical, formal-legal, semantic and other methods were also used.

Results. Initially, the sign of public danger had a fundamentally different criminal and political meaning. It opened up wide possibilities for applying the law by analogy. The question of distinguishing the criminal from the noncriminal through its use was not raised. Subsequently, the demarcation of protective legislation and attempts to give sectoral uniqueness to criminal law by using a material sign of the social danger of an act did not resolve the issue of the boundaries of criminalization and the limits of the state’s punitive power; on the contrary, the situation worsened. Using examples from practice, based on the judgments of researchers about the essence of the social danger of an act, the authors of the article question the advisability of using this feature as an unconditional basis for the criminalization of an act.

Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that in the process of criminalization of an act, the focus of attention should be shifted from an idealized sign of social danger to the principles of criminalization: economy of repression, formal certainty, intersectoral consistency and proportionality, as well as the expediency of criminalization (declaring a crime) from the perspective of the possibilities of criminal the right to influence real relationships, transforming them qualitatively.

Relevance. In the context of structural and quantitative changes in modern Russian industry and, in particular, in regional industry, it is relevant to turn to the history of the development of industrial production in the conditions of developed socialism. It was a period of opening new enterprises, increasing industrial production, and increasing labor productivity.

Purpose. To investigate the branches and industrial enterprises of the Kursk region, which operated in the 1970s and 1980s. according to the funds of the State Archive of the Kursk region.

Objectives: to analyze the scientific reference apparatus of the State Archive of the Kursk region for the detailed identification of industrial enterprises of the Kursk region in the period under study.

Methodology. The author's methodology is based on the principles of objectivity and comprehensiveness. During the research, scientific methods were used: synthesis, analysis, generalization, ideographic.

Results. In the study, the author gave a description of the industrial enterprises of the Kursk region operating in the 1970s and 1980s and their sectoral subordination.

Conclusion. The Kursk region in the 1970s and 1980s was a developed industrial region. A large number of industrial enterprises of various industries were actively operating here: from mining, nuclear, machine-building to food. Enterprises that operated until October 1917 and then nationalized have been preserved in the region. Some of the enterprises were opened before the Great Patriotic War. But most of the enterprises in the region were built and began their production activities in the 1950s and 1960s. Having gone through numerous changes of sectoral subordination, the regional industry successfully developed in the 1970s and 1980s. This is evidence of the implementation of state policy aimed at boosting the economy through the development of industrial production.

The relevance of the topic under discussion is determined by the significant social importance of school history education. Over thirty years of Russian society's and state's life in conditions of ideological and political diversity, as well as the complete erosion of the Western-scale liberal values, has led to most Russians realizing the need to adhere to traditional moral principles based on ideas of patriotism and humanism. The domestic education system is the main vehicle for this. Therefore, the controversial experience of teaching history in schools arouses professional interest among researchers and practicing teachers.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the peculiarities of teaching history in the pre–war years on the basis of archival documents and published materials on the example of departmental educational institutions of railway transport.

Objectives: to characterize the contradictions of the process of introducing historical and social sciences disciplines into school education; to reflect the role of historical knowledge in the patriotic education of the younger generation.

Methodology. The research was based on the principles of objectivity and historicism. To solve the tasks set by the author, the methods of historical-genetic, historical-systemic, historical-comparative, typological, retrospective were used.

Results. The study of the experience of teaching the historical and social sciences cycle of academic disciplines in the pre-war years on the example of departmental educational institutions of railway transport made it possible to objectively assess the impact of humanitarian training of students on the formation of their civic position and the education of patriotic feelings, which had a decisive impact on the behavior of graduates of railway schools during the period of military trials and subsequent restoration of the national economy.

Conclusions. The experience of teaching history and the foundations of constitutional knowledge accumulated in the pre-war period is worthy of application in the context of modern reform of historical education. Recognition of the leading role of national history in shaping the worldview of the younger generation requires a systematic approach in teaching and educating young people based on love and respect for their Homeland. 

Relevance. The article attempts to present an assessment by the influential conservative publicist and publicsher of the magazine "Citizen" V. P. Meshchersky of the events of the abolition of serfdom and the post-reform situation of the Russian peasantry. Turning to the study of this question allows us to expand the understanding of existing opinions about the problem under study.

The purpose of the study is to analyze, on the basis of modern achievements of historical science, the assessments of the abolition of serfdom and the post-reform status of the peasantry by the influential Russian publicist V. P. Meshchersky.

Objectives: to analyze the sources and historiography on the topic under study; to focus on the socio-political views of Prince V. P. Meshchersky and their uniqueness, or, on the contrary, typical for the environment of domestic conservatives of the second half of the XIX century; to try to reconstruct, on the basis of his assessments, the perception by an influential publicist of the events of the abolition of serfdom and the prevailing post-reform situation of the peasantry.

Methodology. The presented research is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, consistency, which are closely interrelated with the dialectical method, as well as on general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization.

Results. The conducted research allowed us to focus on the significant interest of Prince V. P. Meshchersky in the peasant issue, the abolition of serfdom and its practical implementation. At the same time, remaining a representative of the noble class, he largely expressed his thoughts on the post-reform situation of the peasantry from the point of view of the interests of landowners, emphasizing that in conditions of political immaturity of the broad masses of the population and lack of experience in independent economic activity, many peasants are waiting for ruin and impoverishment.

Conclusion. Vladimir Petrovich Meshchersky's views on the abolition of serfdom and the post-reform situation of the peasantry mostly coincided with the opinions of other representatives of the conservative camp, except for the editorial office of the newspaper "Vesti". They were largely the result of his worldview on the paternalistic nature of relations between landlords and serfs, so the prince, being a staunch supporter of the liberation of the peasants, was dissatisfied with its implementation in practice. He based his conclusions on what he saw during numerous trips around the country.

The relevance of the stated topic is determined by the special social significance of trade and public catering in the daily life of the population. Moreover, in modern conditions, their role is not decreasing, but only increasing. Improving the mechanisms of functioning of the service sector can be successful not only with the active use of the achievements of digital civilization, but also with the rational use of the experience of previous generations. In scientific and historical terms, the topic of organized satisfaction of consumer demand for food and basic necessities is little studied, especially in relation to the recent Soviet past. The issues of the history of departmental trade and catering have also not received adequate coverage in the scientific literature, which motivates their development from the standpoint of the methodological apparatus available to scientists today.

The purpose of the study is to summarize the experience of organizing trade and catering in railway transport in the late 1950s on the basis of archival documents and published materials.

The objectives: to reveal the specifics of transport trade in the period under review; characterize the problems of organizing catering for railway workers.

Methodology. The research was based on the principles of objectivity and historicism. To solve the problems, the author used historical-genetic, historical-systemic, historical-comparative, typological, and retrospective methods.

Results. The study of the experience of trade and catering enterprises of railway transport made it possible to objectively assess the role of departmental social policy in creating favorable conditions for the performance of professional duties by employees with a special working regime.

Conclusions. The main problem in the organization of transport trade and nutrition during the study period should be recognized as the inability to organize an uninterrupted supply of food to workers who worked on remote crossings and linear sections. The other traditional flaws of Soviet trade and catering were also characteristic of the railway sphere of labor supply.

Relevance. In modern conditions, the main directions of reforming control (supervisory) activities are to increase its efficiency and effectiveness, reduce the administrative burden on enterprises and entrepreneurs. The improvement of control (supervisory) activities remains relevant in the context of increased external sanctions pressure. At the same time, the history of the control system, which extended to all types and forms of public administration and economic activity, remains poorly understood in terms of existing regional experience. The study of the formation of control bodies in the Soviet state is of particular practical interest, since it allows accumulating achievements and mistakes of the past, thereby setting benchmarks in the present.

Purpose. The study of the experience of organizing socialist control bodies in 1920-1922 on the example of the Kursk provincial branch of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection.

The objectives of the article follow from the set goal and consist in investigating the conditions and methods of work of the Kursk provincial department of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection during the designated period.

Methodology. During the research of the designated topic, the author used both general scientific methods of cognition, such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and special historical methods: problem-chronological, comparative historical.

Results. The study of the working conditions of the Kursk provincial department of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection in the designated period allowed, in historical retrospect, to determine the specifics of the methods used by it, as well as to establish the reasons for the subsequent reforms.

Conclusion. The basis for the unification of party and Soviet state control was the analysis of the provincial experience of the RKI in 1920-1922. A significant obstacle to the broader development of both organizational and auditing activities of the Kursk Provincial Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the period under study was the insufficient number and low level of their training.

Relevance. Issues of intraregional administrative and territorial transformations, including in the Kursk region, currently remain practically unstudied. This is due, on the one hand, to the specifics of the source base of the problem, which is a set of official legal documents, statistics and regulations, and, on the other hand, to insufficient interest on the part of researchers. Meanwhile, studying the specifics of the implementation of various administrative-territorial transformations in the post-war period using the example of a specific region has serious scientific significance: it allows us to detail the features of the socio-economic development of territories, demographic and migration aspects, etc., which creates the opportunity to take a slightly different look at history of the Kursk region.

The purpose. Reveal the features of the dynamics of the administrative-territorial structure of the Kursk region in the mid-1940s – early 1960s.

Objectives: based on the study of a complex of historical sources, show the prerequisites, logic and course of intraregional administrative and territorial transformations of the Kursk region in the period indicated above.

Methodology. When writing the work, the authors relied on the fundamental methods of historical science (the principles of historicism and objectivity), as well as on a number of specific historical and general scientific methods (analytical, comparative historical, genetic, etc.).

Results. Currently, in local historiography there are no scientific works on the history of the administrative-territorial structure of the Kursk region. The reference publications available to historians are replete with inaccuracies and errors. This work partly identifies these errors, and also shows the mechanisms for changing the administrative-territorial structure of the Kursk region in the mid-1940s – early 1960s.

Conclusion. The administrative and territorial transformations that took place in the Kursk region in the mid1940s – early 1960s had a predominantly socio-economic basis. The rapid development of individual territories required changes in the network of village councils, districts, the creation of new regions, as well as the abolition of ineffective administrative-territorial units. The party and state leadership of the region and the country in most cases responded quite quickly to these needs, however, as practice has shown, not all of them were consolidated in practice.

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to resist the increasing attempts to falsify the history of the Great Patriotic War. The liberation of Europe by the Red Army from fascism began in March 1944 in Romania. By mid-June, active hostilities gave way to positional defense, which continued at the beginning of the Iasi-Kishinev operation. This period is almost not covered in the research literature, meanwhile, it was at this time that Soviet troops, in the course of small and local, but frequent and successful clashes, exhausted the enemy and lowered their morale, which played a role in the future.

The purpose of the study is to establish the content and determine the nature of the combat operations of the 7th Guards. armies of the 2nd Ukrainian Front in the period June 6 – August 19, 1944.

Objectives: to identify the main parameters characterizing the defense of the enemy and the 7th Guards army, compare the progress and results of combat operations of Romanian and Soviet units.

Methodology. The research was based on the principles of objectivity, historicism and consistency. The author used a complex of general scientific and special historical methods in his work: analytical, critical, problem-chronological, retrospective.

Results. It was established that the enemy’s defense in the area west of the city of Tirgu-Frumos relied on a powerful fortified area. Romanian troops during this period behaved passively, their rare reconnaissance actions usually did not achieve success and were defeated. At the same time, troops of the 7th Guards. The armies not only actively strengthened their defenses, but also conducted effective reconnaissance, inflicting significant damage on the enemy.

Conclusions. A study of documentary archival materials shows that the results of combat operations of units of the 7th Guards should not be underestimated. army during the period of positional defense from June to August 1944. Soviet troops exhausted the enemy, causing him significant material and moral damage, which reduced the combat effectiveness of the Romanian units in anticipation of the decisive offensive of the Red Army.