Relevance. Modern challenges in the field of national security require increased coordination between government authorities and other legal entities. In an increasingly complex political and legal environment, coordination acquires the status of a system-forming mechanism in ensuring national interests. The need for a scientific understanding of the legal foundations of coordination is due to both the practical significance and the lack of elaboration of the conceptual and normative aspects of this phenomenon.

The purpose. Definition of the essence of coordination activity in the legal dimension and justification of its key role in the system of legal support of national interests.

Objectives. To reveal the content of the concepts of "coordination" and "interaction"; to determine the specifics of the legal provision of coordination; to identify and analyze regulations that express the coordination function in the context of national security.

The methodological basis of the research consisted of both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction) and special legal methods: the formal legal method (analysis of legal norms), comparative legal (comparison of norms governing coordination activities), a systematic approach (identification of interrelations between legal mechanisms in the field of national interests), as well as the interpretative method (interpretation of regulations).

Results. The interrelation of coordination activities and national interests is shown through the prism of regulatory regulation. It has been established that coordination in the field of ensuring national interests is mediated by a system of legal means enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, presidential decrees and sectoral legislation.

Conclusion. Coordination activity is a form of coordinated legal interaction between subjects of state power, requiring further regulatory formalization and institutional strengthening for effective legal support of national interests. Key words: legal activity, legal (jurisdictional) process; legal (procedural) principle, legal justice; gaps in legislation; normative consolidation.

Relevance. The presented article examines the legislative acts regulating land surveying and the land surveying process in Russia in the XVI-XVII centuries. During this period, the penetration of land management relations into the military, social and economic spheres of state activity occurs. The relevance of this study lies in the comprehensive consideration of the institute of land surveying in Russia during the XVI-XVII centuries in relation to land management relations, as well as taking into account socio-economic factors and political conditions in the context of historical facts and events of that time.

The purpose of this study is to establish a range of basic legislative acts in the field of legal regulation of the institute of land surveying, as well as to identify on their basis the features of the development of the institute of land surveying as an integral part of land relations in the Russian state in the XVI-XVII centuries.

Objectives: to analyze legislative acts in the field of legal regulation of land surveying; to determine the place of the institution of land surveying and the boundary process in the field of land management relations of the Russian state of the XVI-XVII centuries; to identify the features of the normative consolidation of boundary laws in the specified period.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is represented by general scientific methods of cognition, as well as methods of legal science – the historical-legal method, formal-legal and comparative-legal methods.

The results of scientific research indicate that the current system of boundary laws of the XVI-XVII centuries is represented by a significant number of normative acts, the central place of which is occupied by the Cathedral Code of 1649, as well as the Scribal Orders of 1681, 1683, 1684, containing the main body of land administrative and boundary regulations.

Conclusions. In general, it can be concluded that during the XVI-XVII century. there was an evolutionary nature of the development of the institute of surveying, taking into account specific historical conditions, as well as socio-economic and political factors. The land legislation of the XVI -XVII centuries was formed in the context of the development of boundary legislation.

Relevance. A great deal of legislative work carried out by scientific and research institutions for more than a dozen years, the efforts of the scientific community, federal government agencies, the highest courts, unfortunately, have not yet led to the creation of a clear and uniform definition of normative legal acts. The constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which have enshrined this concept in regional legislation, have also failed to unify it. The extensive judicial practice of challenging normative legal acts and the ongoing scientific discussion about their essence and content predetermined the need for this study.

The purpose of the study is to develop a definition of a normative legal act, which would cover all their various types and levels.

Objectives: to analyze the variants of definitions of normative legal acts proposed by the scientific community, federal and regional public authorities, post-Soviet countries to identify and summarize their essential features.

Methodology. When writing the work were used historical-legal, formal-logical, systemic-structural, linguistic methods, method of expert evaluations, as well as methods of synthesis and analysis.

Results. In the course of the study the essential features of a normative legal act were identified and its definition was formulated, which covers all types of this source (form) of law.

Conclusion. To ensure effective legal regulation of public relations and to ensure scientific discussion based on clear and unambiguous terms, it is advisable to legislatively fix the definition of normative legal acts, which will significantly facilitate their systematization, the process of their creation and application, as well as differentiation from acts having some of their signs.

Relevance. Management and other activities in the sphere of ensuring national security must be carried out on an appropriate theoretical and methodological basis, which requires defining the content of such key categories as "national values" and "national interests". Harmonization of national values and national interests is carried out, first of all, through the development of strategic planning documents that determine national interests based on national values. However, to date, the doctrine lacks a single unified approach to defining the essence and content of this category.

The purpose. Definition of the content and formulation of the concept of national interests as a fundamental category in the sphere of ensuring national security.

Objectives: to analyze doctrinal and normative approaches to defining the essence and content of the category of “national interests”, based on the relationship with the category of “national values”, to determine the place of national interests in the national security system.

Methodology. In preparing the work, methods of analysis and synthesis, a general scientific method of studying legal phenomena and processes, and general scientific (logical) techniques were used.

Results. The essence and content of the category “national interests” as a system-forming element of national security have been established, which determines the organization of public administration in this area based on a value-oriented approach; the main mechanisms for harmonizing national values and national interests have been defined.

Conclusion. National interests should be considered as a dynamic system of goal-setting priorities, formed on the basis of national values, which must be achieved to assert and protect national values. National interests determine the strategic directions of development of Russian society and specific priorities of activities to ensure and protect them. Being in harmony, national values and interests are factors determining the worldview of management activities in the sphere of ensuring national security.

Relevance. Arbitration managers, as part of their participation in the recognition of various types of debtors as bankrupt, identify signs of the intentional nature of bankruptcy in several thousand procedures annually. Law enforcement agencies also identify crimes related to illegal actions in bankruptcy, fictitious and intentional bankruptcy – several hundred cases per year.

Purpose. Is to find a legal mechanism that allows the conclusions on the intentional nature of bankruptcy made within the framework of the arbitration process to be translated into the criminal process.

Objectives of the study: to investigate the relevant law enforcement practice, comparing the conclusions drawn, based on sentences and decisions rendered under the same circumstances by arbitration and criminal courts; to identify and conduct a comparative analysis of approaches to qualifying the nature of bankruptcy as intentional, respectively, in arbitration and criminal proceedings; to propose measures to harmonize and synchronize such approaches as well as measures to ensure the end-to-end application of the same decision (conclusion) in arbitration and criminal proceedings.

Methodology. The research was based on such methods as formal legal and comparative legal. Also, methods of analysis, description, generalization, system-structural, statistical and mathematical were used.

Results. This article analyzes statistical data on the qualification of bankruptcy as intentional: on the one hand, by arbitration managers, on the other hand, by investigative and judicial authorities. The authors have revealed the reasons why there is a significant difference in the number of procedures qualified as intentional from the point of view of each of these parties. Based on the analysis of the methodological base used in arbitration and criminal proceedings, common approaches to the qualification of the same illegal act in such processes have been identified.

Conclusion. Based on the results of scientific analysis, proposals are given for unification of the applied approaches and synchronization of the existing methodological base. Proposals are formulated for amendments to regulatory legal acts that establish industry procedural rules and determine the signs of the deliberate nature of the actions of certain persons.

Relevance. Conflict of interest is a heterogeneous and complex problem, covering a wide range of social relations, in particular, in the field of public procurement. It is important to note that the procurement space is traditionally considered as the most susceptible to various offenses, including those affecting the corruption element. This fact determines the need to form a comprehensive system of legal regulation of conflict of interest, aimed at its identification and settlement at any stage of the procurement procedure.

The purpose of the article is to disclose the approaches to the legal regulation of conflict of interest in public procurement that have developed in Russia and to determine universal legal means aimed at its identification and settlement.

The objectives of the article are to analyze and compare current legislative approaches to regulating conflicts of interest in the context of the dual system of domestic procurement, as well as to substantiate the practical effectiveness of applying the principle of actual control through the prism of describing specific situations.

The methodology of the article consists of the dialectical method, a system of general scientific methods (such as analysis, analogy, synthesis and modeling), as well as the formal-legal method.

The results of the study are characterized by theoretical and applied content aimed at forming a scientific understanding of the system of legal regulation of conflicts of interest in public procurement and the means of its control, including through the application of the principle of actual control reflected in judicial practice.

Conclusion. The author of the study comes to the conclusion about the need to identify and resolve conflicts of interest in public procurement by applying a substantive approach reflected in such an instrument of external control over conflicts of interest as the principle of actual control.

Relevance. The digital transformation of the financial system necessitates a reassessment of traditional monetary forms. This article investigates the introduction of the digital ruble as a third form of national currency in Russia, examining its interplay with existing cash and non-cash forms. Particular attention is given to the digital ruble's legal status, which, under current legislation, is formally classified as non-cash, yet possesses unique characteristics warranting its consideration as a distinct form of money. The current regulatory ambiguity and the need for risk mitigation underscore the significance of this research.

Purpose to analyze the legal and functional characteristics of the digital ruble, its role in transforming Russia's monetary system, and the prospects for its coexistence with traditional monetary forms.

Objective. The primary tasks of this article are to define the legal status of the digital ruble within the existing legal framework, identify functional differences between the digital ruble, cash, and non-cash funds, and assess the impact of the digital ruble's introduction on the structure of the monetary system.

Methodology. This research is based on a comparative legal analysis of Russian legislation and doctrinal positions of legal scholars and economists, an analysis of statistical data from the Bank of Russia, and a systemic approach to the study of monetary functions.

Results. This article highlights key distinctions between the forms of money. The digital ruble combines the advantages of cash (instantaneous peer-to-peer transactions, accessibility) with the technological capabilities of noncash instruments (security, transparency).

Conclusion. The introduction of the digital ruble will not lead to the complete displacement of existing forms but will transform the monetary system, reducing the share of cash and redefining the role of non-cash funds. The article emphasizes the need for further legal research to mitigate risks and develop effective regulatory mechanisms.

Relevance. Some aspects of the category ‘trust management of property by virtue of law’ as a manifestation of special cases of intervention of the legislator in the will of the owner are considered. It is relevant in the modern situation of increasing legislative grounds for the establishment of trust management. The grounds, in turn, are closely related to the reasons and objectives of the establishment of trust management.

The purpose is to substantiate the social conditionality of the establishment of trust management by virtue of the law in view of the special objectives set by the legislator in a particular case.

Objectives are to identify the peculiarities of the social orientation of the institution of trust management by virtue of law; to formulate the objectives of trust management in relation to various legal grounds for its establishment and to determine their significance.

Methodology. In the process of work on the study used the methods of system analysis, comparison, as well as methods of formal logic, generalization of achievements of legal doctrine.

Results are theoretical in nature and consist in the study of the problems of the target block of the trust management establishment by virtue of the law with simultaneous proof of the widely understood social conditionality of the trust management objectives.

Conclusion. It is revealed that the trust management of the property of the owner under his patronage and the property of a missing person pursues exclusively social purposes aimed at ensuring the observance of property rights and interests of the person who himself, for a number of reasons directly specified in the law, cannot exercise his rights and fulfil his obligations. At the same time, the need to increase the value of inherited property due to trust management indicates the economic nature of the purposes of its establishment along with social ones. It is determined that for some types of trust management under the law are characterised by additional, along with social, state-social or economic-administrative purposes.

Relevance. The uncertainty of the content of the concept of "encroachment" in the context of Article 295 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation prevents the formation of a uniform approach to the assessment and understanding of the objective side of the specified crime.

The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of individual theoretical and practical aspects of the application of Art. 295 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, in terms of the preliminary investigation.

Objectives: analysis of current criminal legislation in terms of regulating liability for attacks on the lives of officials conducting preliminary investigations; study of approaches to defining the concept of "attack"; establishment of the features of the objective side of the crime provided for in Article 295 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; formulation of the author's definition of the concept of "attack" in relation to Article 295 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Methodology. The presented scientific research used the analysis of regulatory legal acts, formal-legal, doctrinal, historical-legal, sociological and logical-legal methods.

Results. The content of the key features of the objective side of the corpus delicti provided for in Article 295 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is revealed. The author has identified an ambiguity in the theoretical understanding of the term "encroachment" in relation to Article 295 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, due to the lack of its legally fixed and formulated definition.

Conclusion. The author has formulated a definition of the concept of "encroachment" as an act provided for in Article 295 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the part concerning officials conducting the preliminary investigation. A conclusion has been made about the high degree of public danger of this type of crime and it has been proposed to supplement the existing act of interpretation with appropriate explanations containing the definition of the term "encroachment".

Relevance. Interpretation in the context of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values of such objects of criminal-legal protection as human rights and freedoms, normal sexual relations, family interests and upbringing of minors allows us to identify the features of their content, which are currently either underestimated or ignored, which creates the prerequisites for clarifying and concretizing the system of measures for their criminal-legal protection.

The purpose of the study is to identify the value content of certain human rights and freedoms as objects of criminal law protection, which would contribute to the disclosure of their humanistic potential and the establishment of an optimal balance of personal and public interests.

Methodology. When writing the work, methods of analysis and synthesis, general scientific (philosophical, logical) techniques and tools of the systems approach were used.

Results. Based on the proposed by S.A. Levitsky proposes to supplement the concept of the opposition of negative and positive freedom, as well as the teachings of the Russian Orthodox Church, with a definition of the object of crimes as certain rights and freedoms - the right to freedom of speech and expression of opinions, freedom of creativity, freedom of association and assembly, etc., by indicating the substantive component of the corresponding right or freedom. In particular, freedom of speech should extend only to such information that does not harm the interests of the individual, society and the state, and fills the very concept of freedom of speech with positive content. If information is created or disseminated, the content of which does not cause harm, then its restriction should be recognized as illegitimate; if destructive information is created and disseminated, then the guarantees of freedom of speech do not extend to it due to the absence of the "positive freedom" itself as a protected benefit.

Conclusion. In the context of objects of criminal law protection, it is advisable to pay special attention to the authority of the state. An attack on the authority of the state as a value is simultaneously an attack on the sociopsychological well-being of the country's population, its value guidelines, and on the security of the state itself.

Relevance. A criminal record as a category of criminal law also entails general legal consequences for a citizen convicted in the past, which are valid even after its repayment or removal. The work analyzes the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation formulated over the past year under the provisions of the current and new legislation establishing a particular ban on persons who have a criminal record.

The purpose of the study is to determine the trends in the law enforcement practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in terms of the new general legal restrictions already existing and introduced by the creator applied to previously convicted citizens.

Objectives: to critically comprehend the substantive part of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation made on the complaints of former convicts challenging the constitutionality of certain laws affecting them in civil rights.

Methodology. When writing the work, the scientific toolkit included methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, as well as formal-legal, system-analytical, formal-logical methods and a method for analyzing judicial practice.

The results of the study include the formulation of the legal position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation regarding the restrictions on certain civil rights on the basis of a criminal record.

Conclusion. Separate decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the subject of consideration of which were issues of unconstitutionality of legal norms restricting ex-convicts in their civil rights, cause a critical assessment. Some of the lifetime restrictive measures the justices agree on are excessive and undifferentiated; their introduction is justified by the established practice, but its depravity is not appreciated. Conclusions on the admissibility of general legal prohibitions are based on the assumption that previously convicted citizens can again commit a crime. When deciding decisions in which constitutional provisions with restrictions on persons convicted in the past are recognized, the category, severity and subjective side of those encroachments, the commission of which entailed a criminal record, are not taken into account. This practice of restricting constitutional rights and freedoms does not meet the requirements of justice and does not correspond to the very concept as a temporary legal state of the convicted person.

Relevance. Assessing the actual state of domestic violence in Russia is a difficult task. Statistical data provided by law enforcement agencies, although they are an important tool for statistical analysis, often do not fully reflect the real picture. For a more complete assessment of the scale and nature of this problem, a detailed criminological study is required.

The purpose of the study is to supplement the existing criminological knowledge about the state of violent crime in the field of family and household relations, as well as the causes that determine it.

The objectives of the study are to identify the real state of violent crime in the sphere of family and household relations in Russia and its regions based on the analysis of the results of a sociological survey.

Methodology. The research was based on a sociological method – a survey in the form of a questionnaire. The analysis of the survey results and the formulation of conclusions were carried out using general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition: statistical, systematic, formal logical, analysis and synthesis.

Results. The article presents the results of respondents' answers to questions about their attitude to the problem under study, classifies the determining factors of violence in the sphere of family and domestic relations, analyzes the degree of awareness of the study participants regarding the various forms of its manifestation. The analysis of opinions on the legitimacy of the use of violence for the education or care of some family members for others has been carried out, and the degree of effectiveness of existing violence prevention measures has been investigated.

Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate a correlation between the level of officially registered crime in the sphere of family and domestic relations in various federal districts and the results of the answers to the questionnaire. The degree of respondents' trust in law enforcement agencies in resolving cases of violence in the sphere of family and domestic relations was revealed.

Relevance. In the context of transformations of the multipolar world, the issue of the most effective ways and methods of interstate integration of countries and peoples of the planet is becoming more relevant.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the conceptual basis of modern international integration projects with the participation of the Russian Federation.

The objectives of the study are: systematization of scientific ideas about the methods and directions of interstate integration in the context of a multipolar world, determination of the potential and prospects of neo-imperial geopolitical projects in the period of globalization, clarification of the meaning of the concept of the Union State in building a new world order.

Methodology. In solving the problems of the study, structural-functional, historical, comparative methods were used. To clarify the role of neo-imperial geopolitical projects in the evolution of the modern world order, a dialectical approach, principles and provisions of conflictological and constructivist scientific methods were used. For the purpose of analytical processing of empirical sources, content analysis methods were used.

Results. The clash of political and economic interests of the leading world powers and transnational actors encourages participants in the world political process to search for effective forms and technologies of geopolitical struggle. One of them is the application of the concept of neo-imperial hegemony for the purpose of consolidating allied and controlled states around one of the contenders for global or regional hegemony. A number of researchers argue for the presence of neo-imperial potential in the implementation of the project of the Union State of Russia and Belarus.

Conclusions. Significant differences have been identified between the projects of neo-imperial foreign policy initiated by the Atlantic elites and the format of modern Russian-Belarusian integration. It has been determined that the fundamental parameter for the creation of the unification of Russia and Belarus is compliance with the principles of equality and pragmatism in bilateral relations. The prospect of turning the experience of creating the Union State into an example for the formation of integration initiatives in various regions of the globe is argued.

Relevance. The article is devoted to the study of otkhodnichestvo as a factor in changes in the nature of alcohol consumption by the peasant population of post-reform Russia. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to study the consequences of the abolition of serfdom and the abolition of tax farming, including changes in the culture of drinking. Despite the fact that the fact of increased alcohol consumption among otkhodnichestvo has already been noted in Russian historiography, the mechanisms and nature of this connection remain insufficiently understood.

The purpose of the work is to consider otkhodnichestvo as a specific factor of the post-reform period, which determined the change in the nature of alcohol consumption by peasants.

Objectives to characterize the features and typology of otkhodnichestvo; to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between involvement in seasonal work and changes in alcohol practices; to indicate the functions of alcohol among otkhodnichestvo, which entailed the transformation of traditional alcohol practices.

The research methodology includes the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and consistency, supplemented by the analysis of statistical data on seasonal work and alcohol consumption (statistical method) and the study of sources used to reconstruct the motives and circumstances of alcohol consumption by seasonal workers (narrative method).

Results. The abolition of serfdom, land shortages and low incomes pushed peasants to work, destroying their traditional social ties. In the conditions of heavy physical labor, isolation from the community and family, alcohol acquired new functions for seasonal workers: it served as a stimulant to maintain performance, a means of psychological release, a way to overcome stress, as well as an element of group solidarity and adaptation in a new social environment.

Conclusion. Seasonal work was a powerful factor that transformed the traditional sporadic drinking culture of the peasantry into systematic alcohol consumption in the wasteland, associated with the need to adapt to the changed socio-economic situation. This process had a significant impact on the social structure of post-reform Russia.

Relevance. A new trend in modern international practice discards the previous tolerance. The previous historical experience of communication between the two countries is becoming the imperative basis on which the modern configuration of relations is being constructed. These relations are significantly influenced by the perception of peoples by each other, which fixed in the ethnic consciousness. Reconstruction of the roots of these relations, their character and nature makes research relevant.

The purpose of the study is to reveal notion about the intensity and direction of cultural and diplomatic contacts between Russia and India in the XVII-XIX centuries, as well as the question on how t this contacts influenced the modern relations of two countries.

Objectives: based on the analysis of a large corpus of documents of the Posolsky Prikaz (Embassy) (orders to ambassadors, reports of ambassadors, testimonies of Russian travelers); to create a retrospective of the key events of Russian-Indian cultural and diplomatic contacts during the 17th-19th centuries.

Methodology. The author applied the principles of objectivity and historicism. To solve the tasks, historicalgenetic, historical-comparative, and retrospective methods were used. The author pays special attention to the analysis of the text, the style and tone of the documents, which prove that Russian-Indian relations initially were regarded as partnership, built on respectful and fair principles, and never had even a sign of colonial superiority.

Results. The study of unique sources made it possible to reconstruct Russian-Indian relations during a long historical period, to show the positive impact of stereotypes of the collective memory of the peoples of Russia and India on modern relations between the two countries, which are privileged strategic partners.

Conclusions. Historical contacts between Russia and India during the 17th-19th centuries cannot be represented as curious, but insignificant episodes. This is a well-formed direction in Russian foreign policy. Contacts of this period are extremely important, since they formed the goals of contacts between the two countries, the notion of the peoples about each other, the view on the traits of the national character, the respect of the peoples for each other, which influenced the modern relations between Russia and India.

Relevance. The historical experience of youth participation in the restoration of war-torn enterprises is quite fully reflected in the scientific literature. However, certain aspects of the implementation of youth initiatives in transport, taking into account regional specifics, remain poorly studied. An objective analysis of the activities of locomotive crews of the Kursk railway junction, working on Komsomol steam locomotives in the 1940-1950s, allows us to reveal innovative approaches in the professional activities of the crews of the Komsomol steam locomotive EU 712-14, led by front-line soldiers I.A. Gladilin and I.A. Staroseltsev, which can be successfully used in modern conditions when organizing production processes on the country's railways.

The purpose of the study is to comprehensively examine, based on newly identified documentary sources, the best practices of the production activities of young Kursk engineers.

Objectives: to reveal the specifics of the work of young railway workers on the restoration of the main lines of the Kursk region in the period under review, to reflect the connection of their combat biographies with successes in their work.

Methodology. As a methodological basis, the authors focused on the principles of objectivity and historicism. In order to solve the problems, historical-systemic, biographical and retrospective methods were used.

Results. A comprehensive study based on archival and printed sources allowed us to create a clear idea of the role of the Kursk junction youth in the use of advanced technologies and efficient production methods during operational work at the Kursk branch of the Moscow-Kursk Railway in the 1930s-1950s.

Conclusions. The labor traditions of driving Komsomol steam locomotives, which originated at the Kursk railway junction in the mid-1930s, were widely developed in the post-war period. This contributed to the increased activity of young locomotive drivers, who ensured the accelerated restoration of the locomotive economy and the improvement of the locomotive fleet. During the years of post-war restoration of railway enterprises, an important role was played by the conscientious and creative attitude of young people to their job responsibilities.

Relevance. In times of crisis, Orthodox clergy often became the backbone of the state, not only providing spiritual support to parishioners, but also performing the most important ideological and social functions. A study of the experience of the parish clergy of the Voronezh diocese in providing assistance to the population during the famine of 1891-1892 will help find mechanisms for the most successful interaction between the Church, government and society in the context of large-scale social challenges.

The purpose of the article is to study the contribution of the Orthodox parish clergy to supporting the peasant population of the Voronezh province, as well as to examine the main forms of organizing charitable, social and educational activities of the clergy during the famine of 1891-1892.

The objectives are to characterize the features of social and charitable activities of parish clergy and to consider the forms of pastoral service to provide moral support to peasants during the years of national disaster caused by crop failures.

Methodology. The article is based on a comprehensive review of sources and scientific research. The author used content analysis, historical-comparative, historical-genetic, historical-statistical methods in solving the tasks.

Results. The author examined the main forms of organizing social and charitable activities of the Voronezh parish clergy to provide assistance to peasants during the "tsar famine" of 1891-1892. The implementation of the synodal definition of August 21, 1891 on the organization of diocesan committees to support people, as well as the personal contribution of Orthodox clergy to charity, are analyzed.

Conclusion. During the peasant famine of 1891-1892, the Voronezh parish clergy made a significant contribution to the fight against the large-scale national disaster. The Voronezh diocesan committee for supporting the population carried out a huge amount of work to attract funds and food for the starving people.

Relevance. In the first half of the 19th century, statistics in the Russian Empire gradually took shape as a scholarly discipline, supported by institutional structures, professional standards, and established forms of scientific communication. Studying the emergence of the statistical research community offers deeper insight into the mechanisms of scientific institutionalization in Russia, highlights the interaction between academic institutions, government agencies, and learned societies, and traces the formation of professional identity among statisticians.

Purpose. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the development of the academic community of statisticians in Russia during the first half of the 19th century by identifying its organizational foundations, institutional frameworks, and channels of scientific communication.

Objectives: To examine the institutionalization of statistics within the Academy of Sciences and the Russian Geographical Society, and to identify the key actors involved in shaping the scholarly community; To analyze the forms of scientific communication among statisticians, including correspondence, joint publishing efforts, peer review, and editorial work; To assess the role of academic awards and scientific periodicals in consolidating the professional environment of statisticians.

Methodology. The research employs historical-genetic and institutional analysis, along with a source-critical approach based on official correspondence, regulatory documents, and periodical publications.

Results. The formation of the statistical community occurred through the interaction of the Academy of Sciences, the Russian Geographical Society, universities, and state institutions. Academicians K.F. Hermann and P.I. Köppen played a leading role in establishing key channels of scholarly communication. The study reveals the main mechanisms through which new members were integrated into the academic environment‒through networks of correspondence, participation in academic publishing, and receipt of the Demidov Prize. Particular attention is paid to professional communication, including peer review and collaborative work on statistical collections.

Conclusions. By the mid-19th century, a distinct academic community of statisticians had emerged in Russia, marked by institutional support, shared professional standards, and international contacts. This process laid the foundation for the development of state and zemstvo statistics in the second half of the 19th century.

Relevance. The activities of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief's Headquarters for the interaction of troops is one of the key components of the preparation of operations of various scales. Knowledge of the structure, content and order of interaction in the preparation of the Warsaw-Ivangorod operation will allow us to study the experience of organizing interaction and the possibilities of using the acquired knowledge in modern conditions.

The purpose of the article is to familiarize with the activities of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief's Headquarters on the interaction of troops in preparation for the Warsaw-Ivangorod operation, as well as the private offensive operation in East Prussia in the Augustow area conducted by the troops of the Northwestern Front.

The objectives of the article are: disclosure of the timing and content of the interaction of troops at various stages of the preparation of the operation, problematic issues of coordination at each stage and the necessary measures for the final preparation for combat operations; determining the importance of the activities of the Supreme Commander's Headquarters, the field offices of the Northwestern and Southwestern fronts in the preparation of subsequent operations (after the first East Prussian and Galician operations), as well as problematic issues in coordinating their actions.

Methodology. The application of the basic methods of modern research, such as historical-systemic and historical-typological, allowed us to study a fairly large number of historical documents of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, the North-Western and South-Western fronts.

Results. The study reveals the sequence and content of the activities of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, the field offices of the fronts for the interaction of troops in the preparation of the WarsawIvangorod operation.

Conclusions. Based on the reviewed historical and analytical documents: the structure of the activities of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief's Headquarters on the interaction of troops in preparation for the Warsaw-Ivangorod operation is revealed; conclusions are drawn about the content of the interaction of troops, the forms, methods, methods and techniques used to organize interaction to coordinate the efforts of various branches of the armed forces at various stages of the preparation of the Warsaw-Ivangorod operation.

Relevance. An objective assessment of the standard of living of the tax-paying population of pre-reform Russia in Russian historical science, including its regional segment, needs further research. At the same time, the bourgeoisie, unlike the peasantry, was in the background.

The purpose – based on the study of a wide range of different archival and printed sources, to give a comprehensive assessment of the living standards of the burghers of the city of Kursk in the late XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries.

Objectives: based on the information available to the authors, try to move away from the stereotypes that have developed in the Soviet historical tradition, analyze information about various spheres of life of the burghers.

Methodology. The article is based on the principles of objectivity and historicism. The lack of information that makes it possible to directly assess the standard of living of the burghers of Kursk required the use of a systematic approach, and the availability of anthropometric data, which are integral indicators, contributed to the use of statistical methods.

Results. The issue of the well-being of ordinary residents of Kursk in the first half of the 19th century is studied on the basis of various sources that make it possible to highlight various spheres of life of the burghers. The authors provide specific evidence and quantitative data on food, occupations, property, sources of income and income, education and medical care for Kursk burghers. Of course, the problem presented has not been solved exhaustively, and what has been said does not agree with the assessments of the standard of living and living conditions of the bourgeoisie in the first half of the 19th century, which prevailed in Russian historical science. A reasonable assessment of the well-being of the burghers is given on the basis of anthropometric data obtained from sources introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

Conclusion. It was found that the average definitive height of the burghers generally corresponded to the AllRussian norm. This may indicate that the basic needs of the Kursk burghers were probably satisfied to a sufficient extent, corresponding to the level of socio-economic development of Russia in the first half of the 19th century.

Relevance. 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. In this regard, the issues of studying various aspects of the war are becoming particularly relevant. The article presents the results of a study of the fighting that unfolded west of Sumy on September 27-28, 1941.

The purpose of the article is to study the offensive actions of the XXXXVIII Motorized Corps, undertaken to capture Sumy on September 27-28, 1941, and to organize the defense of the Red Army units and formations opposing it.

Objectives: assessment of the forces and means involved by the parties during the fighting on the outskirts of Sumy; study of the directions of the main and auxiliary strikes of the XXXXVIII motorized corps; analyzing the objectives of the parties and evaluating the results achieved.

Methodology. The principles of objectivity and historicism have become the methodological basis of this historical research. To achieve these goals, a comparative analysis of the documents of military units and formations that took part in the battles on the outskirts of Sumy in September 1941 was carried out.

Results. The rapid occupation of Sumy by the XXXXVIII Motorized Corps proved impossible. German troops faced stubborn resistance from units and formations of the Southwestern Front. The hull connections suffered significant losses. The attack on Sumy was stopped. The corps was withdrawn and relocated to support the right flank of the 2nd Tank Group advancing on Moscow.

Conclusion. The first attempt to capture Sumy by Nazi troops was made even before the beginning of the Sumy-Kharkov defensive operation, on September 27-28, 1941. The troops of the Southwestern Front prevented the breakthrough of units and formations of the XXXXVIII Motorized Corps in any sector of the front. The battle on the outskirts of Sumy at the end of September 1941 has the characteristics of an independent operation of an operational and tactical level and deserves the name Sumy Defensive operation 1941.

Relevance. This article is devoted to a key and at the same time insufficiently studied historical aspect - the analysis of the agrarian policy of the White movement during the Civil War in Russia. In conditions when the peasantry constituted the majority of the population, the agrarian question determined the political loyalty of the masses. Studying the approaches of the White movement to solving the land issue allows us to understand the reasons for its defeat and identify strategic miscalculations, as well as assess the impact of agrarian policy on socio-political processes in Russia.

Purpose. Based on a comprehensive analysis of historical sources and historiographic data, is to identify and systematize the main contradictions in the agrarian policy of the White movement during the Civil War in Russia.

Objectives: analysis of the main approaches to solving the agrarian question among various political forces within the White movement; study of the evolution of the agrarian policy of the White movement at various stages of the Civil War.

Methodology. In the article, historiographic, comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods were used to analyze the evolution of the White movement's agrarian policy.

Results. The study identified key contradictions in the White movement's agrarian policy and assessed their impact on relations with the peasantry during the Civil War. The analysis of historiography showed the evolution of the approaches of the White governments: from restoration tendencies and postponing decisions to compromises and, finally, to an attempt at radical reform. The study confirmed that the inability of the Whites to resolve the agrarian issue and ignoring the interests of the peasantry became one of the key reasons for their defeat.

Conclusions. The conducted research revealed that the agrarian policy of the White movement, evolving from restoration tendencies to attempts at reform, was characterized by inconsistency and belatedness. This inability to resolve the agrarian question, ignoring the interests of the peasantry and, as a result, the inability to enlist its support, were one of the key reasons for the defeat of the White movement in the Civil War. This historical experience emphasizes the exceptional importance of taking into account the agrarian question for any political force striving for success in Russia.

Relevance. The importance of scientific understanding of the historical experience of the activities of preSoviet police bodies is relevant at the present stage, when there is a transformation not only of law enforcement agencies, but also of state and public institutions as a whole. In this regard, the study of the activities of the preSoviet police bodies may be timely and in demand. In relation to the police bodies of the Tauride province, no special scientific research was undertaken.

The purpose of the study is to study the process of reforming the police bodies of the Tauride province in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Empire.

Objectives: analyze the state of the regulatory framework in a historical retrospective regarding the organization of the police; consider the problems associated with the history of the formation and activities of domestic police institutions of the Tauride province throughout the 1830-1870s.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was the historical method and principles of determinism and comprehensiveness, which ensured the study of the studied phenomena in the context of specific historical conditions of their origin and development. Special methods of historical research were used, which together contributed to the achievement of this goal.

Results. The study of regulations and archival documents made it possible to identify typical features of the reform of police bodies and the peculiarities of their formation in the Tauride province.

Conclusions. An analysis of specific decrees, charters and circulars gave reason to assert that Crimea, which was part of the Tauride province in the 19th century, had a complex administrative-territorial division that determined the specifics of the peninsula's police bodies. This is true for Sevastopol, the country's main military Black Sea port. Despite this, in the Tauride province, as well as throughout the country, there were standard regulatory legal acts in relation to the police, and their reform was carried out in line with all-Russian trends.